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A&P II > Digestion Lecture > Flashcards

Digestion Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is Digestion?

A

The process in which food substances are changed into forms that can be absorbed through cell membranes

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2
Q

What is Ingestion?

A

To take Food In

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3
Q

What is Mechanical Digestion?

A

Chewing, Peristalsis, Churning

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4
Q

What is Chemical Digestion?

A

Breaking down of food particles through a series of metabolic reactions

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5
Q

What is Propulsion?

A

Movement; Peristalsis

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6
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Passage of digested food from GI tract into bloodstream

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7
Q

What is Defecation?

A

Elimination of Waste

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8
Q

What is the Gastrointestinal Tract?

A

A tube that starts at the mouth and ends with the Anus

~28ft long

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9
Q

What are these?

Mouth
Pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine
A

Alimentary Canal Organs

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10
Q

What Are These?

Salivary Glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas

A

Accessory Glands

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11
Q

What are the layers of the Alimentary Canal Wall?

A

Mucosa ( Innermost )
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa ( Outer )

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12
Q

What are the 3 Layers of the Mucosa?

A 
Mucus Epithelium ( Inner )
Lamina Propria ( Loose Connective Tissue )
Muscularis Mucosa ( Smooth Muscle )
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13
Q

What does the Epithelium Villi Do?

A

Increase the Surface Area

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14
Q

What Do Mucosa Glands do?

A

Secrete Mucus

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15
Q

Where is the Submucosa?

A

Beneath a the Mucosa

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16
Q

What is the Submucosa made of?

A

Loose Connective Tissue, Blood Vessels, Lymph Vessels, Nerves

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17
Q

What does the Submucosa do?

A

Nourish the Mucosa

Carry Nutrients Away

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18
Q

What is the Muscularis Made of?

A

Thick Layer of Smooth Muscle

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19
Q

What are the 2 Layers of the Muscularis?

A

a) Circular Layer: Around Submucosa

b) Longitudinal Layer: Around Circular Layer

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20
Q

Purpose of Muscularis?

A

Movement of Food Along the Tract

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21
Q

What are the Movements of the tube?

A

Mixing Movements

Peristalsis: Wave-Like Motions

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22
Q

What do Sphincter Muslces do?

A

Circular Muscles that Prevent Backflow

23
Q

Gastroesophageal (cardiac ) Sphincter

A

Between esophagus and stomach

24
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Between Stomach and Small Intestine

25
Q

Ileocecal Valve

A

Between the Small Intestine and Large Intestine

26
Q

Internal Anal Sphincter

A

(smooth muscle) large intestine/outside

27
Q

External Anal Sphincter

A

(Skeletal Muscle) Large Intestine/Outside

28
Q

Name the 2 Parts of the Oral/Buccal Cavity?

A

a) Vestibule

b) Oral Cavity

29
Q

What is the Vestibule?

A

Small outer region bounded by the lips and cheeks on the outside and the gums and teeth on the inside

30
Q

What is the Oral Cavity?

A

Extends from behind the teeth and gums to the opening of the pharynx

31
Q

What does the Oral Cavity/Buccal Cavity Do?

A

A) Ingestion
B) Mechanical Digestion
C) Prepares food for Chemical Digestion

32
Q

What Kind of muscle is the Tongue Made of?

A

Skeletal

33
Q

Where is the Tongue Connected

A

Connected to the floor of the mouth by frenulum

34
Q

Function of the Tongue?

A

a) manipulate food
• chewing- mastication
• swallowing- deglutition

b) speech formation

35
Q

What is the Palate?

A

Roof of the Mouth

36
Q

Which Part of the palate is hard or soft?

A

Anterior: Hard
Posterior: Soft

37
Q

A set of primary teeth consists of 20
teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth
consists of 32 teeth. T/F

A

True

38
Q

Pancreatic digestive secretions are

regulated by

A

cholecystokinin

39
Q

Which layer of the alimentary canal is
responsible for the absorption of
nutrients?

A

Mucosa

40
Q

The effects of sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal are___ and impulses are ___

A

inhibitory, or slow down inactivity; stimulative, or cause an increase in activity

41
Q

The greater omentum is composed of

A

the peritoneal membrane

42
Q

Heartburn is usually caused by the

effects of gastric juice on the?

A

Esophagus

43
Q

A characteristic shared by all enzymes involved in protein digestion is that all are

A

secreted in an inactive form.

44
Q

One of the major functions of the large intestines is to

A

reabsorb water from chyme

45
Q

Which constituent of bile has a

digestive function?

A

Bile Salts

46
Q

The liver functions to

A) destroy damaged red blood cells.
B) all of the above
C) form glucose from noncarbohydrates.
D) store vitamin D.

A

B

47
Q

The hormone called secretin

functions to:

A

Stimulate the release of pancreatic

juice

48
Q

Gastrin Functions

A

enhancing gastric mucosal growth, gastric motility, and secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach.

49
Q

The parietal cells of gastric glands

secrete

A

hydrochloric acid

50
Q

Main Part of the Stomach

A

Body

51
Q

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest

A

Carbohydrates

52
Q

Teeth best adapted for biting off

relatively large pieces of food

A

Incisors

53
Q

List them in order

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
and serosa.

A
54
Q

The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is the vestibule.

t/f

A

False

A&P II (3 decks)

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