Digestion Lecture

Question 1

What is Digestion?

Answer 1

The process in which food substances are changed into forms that can be absorbed through cell membranes

Question 2

What is Ingestion?

Answer 2

To take Food In

Question 3

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 3

Chewing, Peristalsis, Churning

Question 4

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 4

Breaking down of food particles through a series of metabolic reactions

Question 5

What is Propulsion?

Answer 5

Movement; Peristalsis

Question 6

What is Absorption?

Answer 6

Passage of digested food from GI tract into bloodstream

Question 7

What is Defecation?

Answer 7

Elimination of Waste

Question 8

What is the Gastrointestinal Tract?

Answer 8

A tube that starts at the mouth and ends with the Anus

~28ft long

Question 9

What are these?

Mouth
Pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine

Answer 9

Alimentary Canal Organs

Question 10

What Are These?

Salivary Glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas

Answer 10

Accessory Glands

Question 11

What are the layers of the Alimentary Canal Wall?

Answer 11

Mucosa ( Innermost )
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa ( Outer )

Question 12

What are the 3 Layers of the Mucosa?

Answer 12

Mucus Epithelium ( Inner )
Lamina Propria ( Loose Connective Tissue )
Muscularis Mucosa ( Smooth Muscle )

Question 13

What does the Epithelium Villi Do?

Answer 13

Increase the Surface Area

Question 14

What Do Mucosa Glands do?

Answer 14

Secrete Mucus

Question 15

Where is the Submucosa?

Answer 15

Beneath a the Mucosa

Question 16

What is the Submucosa made of?

Answer 16

Loose Connective Tissue, Blood Vessels, Lymph Vessels, Nerves

Question 17

What does the Submucosa do?

Answer 17

Nourish the Mucosa

Carry Nutrients Away

Question 18

What is the Muscularis Made of?

Answer 18

Thick Layer of Smooth Muscle

Question 19

What are the 2 Layers of the Muscularis?

Answer 19

a) Circular Layer: Around Submucosa

b) Longitudinal Layer: Around Circular Layer

Question 20

Purpose of Muscularis?

Answer 20

Movement of Food Along the Tract

Question 21

What are the Movements of the tube?

Answer 21

Mixing Movements

Peristalsis: Wave-Like Motions

Question 22

What do Sphincter Muslces do?

Answer 22

Circular Muscles that Prevent Backflow

Question 23

Gastroesophageal (cardiac ) Sphincter

Answer 23

Between esophagus and stomach

Question 24

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 24

Between Stomach and Small Intestine

Question 25

Ileocecal Valve

Answer 25

Between the Small Intestine and Large Intestine

Question 26

Internal Anal Sphincter

Answer 26

(smooth muscle) large intestine/outside

Question 27

External Anal Sphincter

Answer 27

(Skeletal Muscle) Large Intestine/Outside

Question 28

Name the 2 Parts of the Oral/Buccal Cavity?

Answer 28

a) Vestibule | b) Oral Cavity

Question 29

What is the Vestibule?

Answer 29

Small outer region bounded by the lips and cheeks on the outside and the gums and teeth on the inside

Question 30

What is the Oral Cavity?

Answer 30

Extends from behind the teeth and gums to the opening of the pharynx

Question 31

What does the Oral Cavity/Buccal Cavity Do?

Answer 31

A) Ingestion B) Mechanical Digestion C) Prepares food for Chemical Digestion

Question 32

What Kind of muscle is the Tongue Made of?

Answer 32

Skeletal

Question 33

Where is the Tongue Connected

Answer 33

Connected to the floor of the mouth by frenulum

Question 34

Function of the Tongue?

Answer 34

a) manipulate food • chewing- mastication • swallowing- deglutition b) speech formation

Question 35

What is the Palate?

Answer 35

Roof of the Mouth

Question 36

Which Part of the palate is hard or soft?

Answer 36

Anterior: Hard Posterior: Soft

Question 37

A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth. T/F

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Pancreatic digestive secretions are | regulated by

Answer 38

cholecystokinin

Question 39

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for the absorption of nutrients?

Answer 39

Mucosa

Question 40

The effects of sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal are___ and impulses are ___

Answer 40

inhibitory, or slow down inactivity; stimulative, or cause an increase in activity

Question 41

The greater omentum is composed of

Answer 41

the peritoneal membrane

Question 42

Heartburn is usually caused by the | effects of gastric juice on the?

Answer 42

Esophagus

Question 43

A characteristic shared by all enzymes involved in protein digestion is that all are

Answer 43

secreted in an inactive form.

Question 44

One of the major functions of the large intestines is to

Answer 44

reabsorb water from chyme

Question 45

Which constituent of bile has a | digestive function?

Answer 45

Bile Salts

Question 46

The liver functions to A) destroy damaged red blood cells. B) all of the above C) form glucose from noncarbohydrates. D) store vitamin D.

Answer 46

B

Question 47

The hormone called secretin | functions to:

Answer 47

Stimulate the release of pancreatic | juice

Question 48

Gastrin Functions

Answer 48

enhancing gastric mucosal growth, gastric motility, and secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach.

Question 49

The parietal cells of gastric glands | secrete

Answer 49

hydrochloric acid

Question 50

Main Part of the Stomach

Answer 50

Body

Question 51

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest

Answer 51

Carbohydrates

Question 52

Teeth best adapted for biting off | relatively large pieces of food

Answer 52

Incisors

Question 53

List them in order mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

Answer 53

^

Question 54

The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is the vestibule. t/f

Answer 54

False