Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 365 > digestion part 2 > Flashcards

digestion part 2 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are simple lipids and what are compound lipids?

A

simple: fatty acids, triacylyglycerol, sterols
compound: phospholipids, lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Triacylglycerols

characteristics?

A

most stored body fat is in this form

FFA broken down from glycerol by lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fatty acid characteristics?

A

saturated: no carbon carbon double bond

unsaturated (mono or poly) carbon-carbon double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fatty acids:

animals can make fatty acids from what?

A

acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fatty acids:

what can animals not produce enough of?

A

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fatty acid:

omega 6 must be ingested as waht?

A

gamma-linoleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

omega-3 fatty acid must be ingested as what?

A

alpha-linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phospholipids:

characteristics

A

dominant biological membranes - two classes in animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two classes of phospholipids?

A

phosphoglycerides:

  • constructed from diacylglycerol
  • polar group on third carbon

sphingolipids:
-sphingosine backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are phospholipids broken down by?

A

phospholipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are sphiinggolipids broken down by?

A

sphingolipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LIPIDS:

digestion and import of lipids is complicated by what?

A

hydrophobicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GI tract secretes what that emusifies lipids into small drolets(micelles)?

A

bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dietary fats are broken down into what?

A

fatty acids and monoglycerides-lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lipases is secreted by what?

A

pancrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lipids diffuse across cell membrane into what?

A

enterocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transport of lipids depend on what?

A

physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Short chains of fatty acids and glycerols are transported in what?

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

longer chain fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, triglycerides and cholesterol is transported how?

A

first packaged in the smooth ER and golgi with protein coats- chylomicrons(lipoproteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do chylomicrons do?

A

released in lymphatic system then in circulatory system- lipoprotein lipase break down triglycerides and used by tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lipoproteins in the blood:

how are lipids carried in the blood?

A

carried as lipoprotein complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when carbohydrate and fat intake exceceeds energy demand what happens?

A

the liver produces and exports it to other tissues for storage in the form of lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gastrointestinal tract:

one way gut- characteristics

A

one way gut

specialized regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gastrointestinal tract:

mechanical breakdown of food occurs where?

A

mouth, pharynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gastrointestinal tract: stomach has what?
acidic compartment
26
Gastrointestinal tract: upper or small intestine
digestion and absorption
27
Gastrointestinal tract: lower or large intestine
absorption of water
28
Gastrointestinal tract: anus
release of indigestible material
29
Teeth: whata re the four types?
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
30
teeth: | shape of teeth relects what?
type of diet
31
teeth: incisors and canines are for what?
piercing and tearing flesh
32
Salivary Glands: where do the multicellular exocrine glands open to?
into the mouth
33
what does saliva do? (5)
lubricates food dissolves food so nutrients can bind to gustatory receptors cleanses the mouth with antimicrobial properites contains enzymes that initiate digestion salivation is controlled by nerve signals
34
Parasympathetic nerve stimulates what?
ssalivation
35
sympathetic nerve does what?
inhibits salivation
36
Gut formation: what is the gut derived from?
endoderm
37
What are the threee regions of the gut?
foregut midgut hindgut
38
Characteristics of the Foregut?
esophagus, stomach and the anterior section of the duodenum forms buds that become the pancreas and liver
39
characteristics of the midgut
posterior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and 2/3 colon
40
characteristics of the Hindgut?
final third of colon and rectum
41
Surface area: in most animals nutriets and hydrolyzed where?
in the lumen of the GI tract
42
how is nutrients taken up?
by cells lining the gut
43
nutrient uptake is improved how?
increasing surface area in two ways: increasing length of gut increasing surface undulation (circular folds, villi, microvilli)
44
Specialized compartments: what do these do?
increase efficiency of digestion
45
compartments have functional specializations suce as differences in what?
PH, enzymes, Types of secretory and absorptive cells
46
muscular vales (sphincters) control what?
passage of food from one compartment to the next
47
complexity of gut morphology varies across taxa and reflects what?
complexity of the diet and ease of digestion
48
Ruminants: this does what?
some mammals possess modifications that improve the digestion of plant materials
49
Stomach: surface in composed of waht?
columnar epithelial cells
50
what do tight junctions do?
prevent leakage across epithelium
51
Mucous neck cells do what?
secrete mucus
52
parietal cells do what?q
secrete hydrochloric acid
53
Chief cells do what?
secrete the protease pepsin
54
enteroendrocrine cells do what?
secretes hormones into the blood eg. gastrin
55
Intestines: most nutrients are absorbed in the intestines four layers, what are they?
mucosa submucosa (blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves) circular smooth muscle longitudinal smooth muscle
56
Villi of the intestine Enterocytes do waht?
absorptive cells with microvilli
57
Villi of the intestine goblet cells do what?
secrete mucus
58
Villi of the intestine enteroendocrine cells do what?
secretes homromes
59
Villi of the intestine paneth cells do what?
secretes antimicrobial molecules (lysozyme)
60
Villi of the intestine crypt of lieberkuhn
secretes sucrase, maltase, lactase, peptidase
61
Absorption of peptides: protein digestion yeilds what?
peptides and AA
62
Absorption of peptides: peptides and AA and absorbed into what?
the enterocyte of the small intestine
63
Peptides are transported across what?
across the apical membrane of the enterocyte by transport systems different than those of AA

BIO 365 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions