Ion and water balance 3 Flashcards by J G

Q

Transport in Tubule regions

differences in transport and permeability is due to what?

A

differences in epithelium along the tubule

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Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

most reabsorption of solutes and water takes place in proximal tubule; solutes reabsorbed by Na cotransport what>

A

glucose, lactate , aa, water soluble vitamins, phosphates

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Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

water follows reabsorption beacuse of what?

A

osmosis

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Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

proximal tuble also carries out what?

A

secretion

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Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

What are the organic Anions?

A

cAMP, cGMP, oxalate, short chain FA, Urate, Alpha-ketoglurate

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Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

what are the organic cations?

A

epinephrine, ACh, choline, dopamine, histamine, serotonin,

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Q

Proximal tubule also secretes what?

A

drugs and toxins

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Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

Characteristics of the Desending limb?

A

permeable to water

water is reabsorbed

volume of primary urine decreases

primary urine becomes more concentrated

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Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

Characteristics of the Ascending limb?

A

impermeable to water

ions are reabsorbed

primary urine becomes dilute

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Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

reabsorbed ions accumulate where?

A

interstitial fluid

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Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

in the reabsorption of ions the osmotic gradient is created by what?

A

the medulla

which creates osmotic gradient for reabsorption of water

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Q

Transport in the distal tubule

what can the distal tubule reabsorb?

A

salts and water

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Q

Transport in the distal tubule

what can the distal tubule secrete?

A

potassium

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Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Transport function of distal tubule is affected by what?

A

hormones

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Q

Transport in the distal tubule

parathormone does what?

A

increases Ca reabsorption

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Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Aldosterone does what?

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A

increases K secretion and Na reabsorption

Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Vasopressin does what?

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A

increase water reabsorption

Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

GFR is determined by what?

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A

the pressure across glomerular wall

Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

what are the three main forces on the GFR?

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A

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure-osmotic pressure due to protein concentration in blood

Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

what are the three pathways?

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A

Myogenic regulation

tubuloglomerular feedback

mesangial control

Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

myogenic regulation function?

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A

constriction/dilation of affected arteriole

Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

Tubuloglomerular feedback pathway function?

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A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

macula densa cels in distal tubule

juxtaglomerular cells beside the afferent arteriole

macula densa cells of distal tubule control diamerer of afferent arteriole

Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

mesangial control pathway function

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A

increase/decrease flow into glomerulus stretches/constricts capillaries, messangial cells also increase permeability of filter

Q

Regulation of Urinary function

Hormones affect what?

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A

kidney function

Regulation of Urinary function What is the steroid hormones?

aldosterone- slow response

Regulation of Urinary function peptide hormones

Vasopressin (ADH)- rapid response renin-angiotensin- rapid and slow response

Vasopressin Also called what?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Vasopressin is what type of hormone?

peptide hormone

Vasopressin is produced and released by what/where?

in hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary

Vasopressin increase what?

increases water reabsorption from the collecting ducts and distal tubles by increasing number of Aquaporins

Vasopressin Normally collecting ducts do not reabsorb what?

water

Vasopressin release is stimulated by what?

increase plasma osmolarity detected by osmorecetors in the hypothalamus

Vasopressin release of this is inhibited by what?

increase blood pressure detected by strech receptors in atria and baroreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies

Aldosterone what is it and what does it control?

it is a mineralcorticoid which controls ion excretion

Aldosterone produced where?

adrenal cortex in tetrapods

Aldosterone what is this stimulated by? (5)

angiotensin 2 high K ACTH decreased blood pressure sensed by stretch receptors in atria