Digestion (Test 3)

Question 1

What are the 4 basic digestive processes?

Answer 1

• Digestion
• Motility
• Secretion
• Absorption

Question 2

What is digestion?

Answer 2

• The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Question 3

What is motility?

Answer 3

• The movement of material along the digestive tract

Question 4

• What is secretion?

Answer 4

• The release of enzymes into the digestive tract

Question 5

What is absorption?

Answer 5

• Active or passive transfer of substances from the lumen of the digestive tract to extracellular fluid

Question 6

What are the three digestive organs that act to provide the correct chemical environment for food breakdown and absorption?

Answer 6

• Liver
• Pancreas
• Gallbladder

Question 7

Where does muscularis interna (segmentation) mostly occur?

Answer 7

• Small intestine

Question 8

Where does muscularis externa (peristalsis) mostly occur?

Answer 8

• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Large intestine

Question 9

What are the digestive system organs?

Answer 9

• Mouth
• Salivary glands
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Rectum
• Anus

Question 10

What does the mouth do?

Answer 10

• Breaks up food particles

Question 11

What do the salivary glands do?

Answer 11

• Saliva moistens and lubricates food
• Amylase digests polysaccharides
• Secretes amylase, lipase, and saliva

Question 12

What does the pharynx do?

Answer 12

• Swallows

Question 13

What does the esophagus do?

Answer 13

• Transports food

Question 14

What does the liver do?

Answer 14

• Breaks down and builds up many bio molecules
• Stores vitamins and iron
• Destroys old blood cells
• Destroys poisons
• Bile aids in digestion

Question 15

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 15

• Stores and concentrates bile

Question 16

What does the stomach do?

Answer 16

• Stores and churns food
• Secretes pepsin and HCl
• Mucus protects the stomach wall
• Limited absorption

Question 17

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 17

• Hormones regulate blood glucose levels
• Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid
• Secrete trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase

Question 18

What does pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin digest?

Answer 18

• Proteins

Question 19

What does amylase digest?

Answer 19

• Polysaccharides

Question 20

What does lipase digest?

Answer 20

• Lipids

Question 21

What does HCl do?

Answer 21

• Activates enzymes
• Breaks up food
• Kill germs

Question 22

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 22

• Completes digestion
• Contains villi
• Mucus protects gut wall
• Absorbs nutrients, mostly water
• Secretes peptidase, sucrase, and amylase

Question 23

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 23

• Reabsorbs some water and ions

- Forms and stores feces

Question 24

• What does the rectum do?

Answer 24

• Stores and expels feces

Question 25

What does the anus do?

Answer 25

- Opening for feces elimination

Question 26

What are the 3 segments of the small intestine

Answer 26

- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum

Question 27

What sphincter separates the stomach and the small intestine?

Answer 27

- Pyloric sphincter

Question 28

What factors cause gastric emptying to decrease?

Answer 28

- Acid - Duodenum distension - Enterogastrones (CCK, GIP, and secretin (decreased pH) feedback on chief and parietal cells)

Question 29

What factors cause gastric emptying to increase?

Answer 29

- Large chyme volume in the stomach - High protein content in chyme - Gastrin

Question 30

When is CCK released?

Answer 30

- High levels of proteins in the duodenum

Question 31

Which cells within the pancreas release CCK and bicarbonate?

Answer 31

- Acinar cells

Question 32

Where does carb breakdown begin?

Answer 32

- In the mouth by salivary amylase

Question 33

Where does protein breakdown begin?

Answer 33

- In the stomac by pepsin

Question 34

Where does nucleic acid and fat breakdown begin?

Answer 34

- Small intestine

Question 35

Starch/glycogen gets broken down to what?

Answer 35

- Disaccharides

Question 36

What converts inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin?

Answer 36

- Enteropeptidase

Question 37

Where do macromolecules travel after being absorbed?

Answer 37

- Liver