Digestive

Question 1

What are the two group of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal and Accessory organs

Question 2

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

Answer 2

• Take in food
• Break it down and absorb nutrients into bloodstream
• Rid the body of indigestible remains

Question 3

The Alimentary canal (or GI tract) runs from where to where?

Answer 3

Mouth to anus

Question 4

What does the alimentary canal do?

Answer 4

• Digests food: breaks it down into smaller fragments
• Absorbs fragments into bloodstream through lining

Question 5

What organs make up the alimentary canal?

Answer 5

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 6

Which organs make up the accessory organs?

Answer 6

Teeth, Tongue, Gallbladder, and Digestive glands

Question 7

What is the function of salivary glands?

Answer 7

produce secretions that help breakdown foodstuffs

Question 8

Which 2 organs secrete substances to aid in digestion?

Answer 8

Liver and Pancreas

Question 9

How many parts are there to the small intestine? What are their names and locations?

Answer 9

3: Duodenum, Jejunem, and Ileum
Duodenum: shortest, connects to the stomach before connecting to the jejunem
Jejunem: connects duodenum and ileum
Ileum: longest, connects to colon

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE:
There are 3 portions that make up the large intestine

Answer 10

FALSE
There are 4: Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid colon

Question 11

How many actions/stages are involved in food processing? What are they?

Answer 11

6
In order: Ingestion, Propulsion, Mechanical Breakdown, Digestion, Absorption, & Defecation

Question 12

What’s Ingestion?

Answer 12

eating; entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth

Question 13

Define Propulsion

Answer 13

the movement of food through the alimentary canal

Question 14

What two processes are included in Propulsion?

Answer 14

Swallowing & Peristalsis

Question 15

Explain Swallowing and Peristalsis

Answer 15

Swallowing: voluntary movement of food from the mouth to stomach via the pharynx and esophagus
Peristalsis: involuntary; sequential, alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal smooth muscle; propel food through intestines

Question 16

What’s Mechanical Breakdown?

Answer 16

the mechanical breakdown of food via mastication and segmentation

Question 17

What actions occur in mechanical digestion?

Answer 17

chewing, mixing food with saliva, churning food in stomach

Question 18

Define Segmentation

Answer 18

Localized contractions of (usually) the small intestine that mixes food with digestive juices; food is moved forward then back, mixes food and breaks it down mechanically, absorption

Question 19

What does Digestion involve?

Answer 19

The breakdown of complex food molecules into chemical building blocks (ex: protein –> amino acids)

Question 20

Whats the step after Digestion and what is it?

Answer 20

Absorption; nutrients are absorbed through the lumen of the alimentary canal and into the blood (or lymph)

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE
Defecation is the elimination of excess nutrients

Answer 21

FALSE
Defecation is the elimination of indigestible substances via the anus in the form of feces

Question 22

What is the Peritoneum? Name the 2 types and their locations

Answer 22

The Peritoneum consists of the serous membranes that line the abdominal cavity.
1. Visceral - membrane on external surface of most digestive organs
2. Parietal - membrane that lines the body wall

Question 23

What is the fluid-filled space called between 2 peritoneums?

Answer 23

Peritoneal cavity

Question 24

What is the double layer of peritoneum that holds organs in place?

Answer 24

Mesentery

Question 25

What is the function of the mesentery? (3)

Answer 25

- Hold organs in place - Site of fat storage - Provides route for circulatory vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Question 26

Describe the Difference between Peritoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs

Answer 26

Peritoneal organs are organs that have kept their mesentery while retroperitoneal organs are located behind the peritoneum.

Question 27

Which organ is NOT retroperitoneal? A. Duodenum B. Large Intestine C. Pancreas D. Liver

Answer 27

D. Liver; the liver is considered peritoneal as it's located in the peritoneal cavity

Question 28

What are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 28

Organs initially formed within peritoneum but become retroperitoneal; fuse to posterior abdominal wall

Question 29

What are intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 29

organs located within the peritoneum

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE The mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

The gut tube is suspended by... A. Retroperitoneum B. Mesentery C. Parietal peritoneum D. Visceral peritoneum

Answer 31

B. Mesentery

Question 32

What are the names of the two mesenteries? Their functions?

Answer 32

Greater omentum - a "fatty apron" of peritoneum Lesser omentum - attaches to lesser curvature of stomach

Question 33

All digestive organs have the same four basic layers (tunics):

Answer 33

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, and Serosa

Question 34

What is the mucosa and how many layers does it have?

Answer 34

Mucosa is a tunic layer that lines the lumen and has 3 sublayers: Epithelium, Lamina propria, and Muscularis mucosae

Question 35

What are the functions of these (the mucosa) layers?

Answer 35

Functions can perform one or all three: - Secrete mucous, digestive enzymes, and hormones - Absorbs end products of digestion - Protects against infectious disease

Question 36

Describe the Epithelium layer

Answer 36

- Simple columnar and mucous-secreting cells in most of tract - Secretes mucous - May secrete enzymes and hormones

Question 37

What is the purpose of mucous?

Answer 37

Ease food passage and protect digestive organs from enzymes

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE Simple squamous epithelium is found in the Mouth, esophagus, and anus

Answer 38

FALSE Stratified squamous epithelium is found here

Question 39

Describe the Lamina Propria layer

Answer 39

- Loose areolar CT - Rich supply of capillaries - Contain lymphoid follicles

Question 40

Describe the Muscularis Mucosae layer

Answer 40

Smooth muscle that produces local movements of mucosa

Question 41

Describe the Submucosa layer

Answer 41

- areolar CT - submucosal nerve plexus - abundant in elastic tissue - blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 42

Describe the Muscularis externa layer

Answer 42

Layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis. Contains inner and outer layer

Question 43

Describe the Serosa layer

Answer 43

Contains mesothelium