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Zoology Midterms > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Organism whch only require inorgani compounds absorbe from thei surroundings to provide material for synthesis an growth

A

Autotrophic

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2
Q

Chlorophyll bearing autotrophic organisms

A

Phototrophs

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3
Q

Autotrphs that gain energy from inorganic chemical reactions

A

Chemotrophs

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4
Q

Animals that depend on already synthesized organic coumpounds of plants an other animals.

A

Heterotrophs

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5
Q

What will heterotroh makes use of the materials (food) they obtain?

A

Growth, maintenance and reproduction

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6
Q

Categgories of animals based on diettary habits

A

Herbivorous, Carnivorous, Ominivorous, Saprophagus

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7
Q

Animals feed mainly on herbivores and other carnivores

A

Carnivorous

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8
Q

Animals mainly feed on plant life

A

Herbivorous

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9
Q

Animals feed on on plants an other animal

A

Omnivorous

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10
Q

Animals that feed on decaying matter

A

Saprophagus

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11
Q

Estuaries

A

Division of ocean water and salt water

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12
Q

One of the most important and most widely employes methods of feeding

A

Suspension feeding

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13
Q

Provides ultimat source of energy life

A

Sunlight

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14
Q

Ocean drifting microscopic particles consists of________ and________

A

Plankton and organic debris

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15
Q

USe ciliated surfaces to dra drifting food particles into th mouth

A

Suspension feeders

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16
Q

Is a deposit feeder thatlives ina mucus-lined burrow and extends long feeding tentacles.

A

Annelid amphitrite

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17
Q

One form of suspension feeding taht evolved frequently a secondary modification among representatives

A

Filter-feeding

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18
Q

Type of particulate feeding that exploits deposits of detritus that accumulates on and in the substratum

A

Deposit feeding

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19
Q

These animals simply passes the substrate through their bodies, removing nutrients from it.

A

Annelids and hemichordates

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20
Q

These use appendages to gather organic deposits som distance from the body and mov them to themouth

A

Scaphopod molluscs, bivalvemolluscs, sedentary, tube-dwelling polychaete worms

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21
Q

African egg eating snake

A

Dasypeltis

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22
Q

What must predators do to their prey?

A

Locate, Capture, Hold, Swallow

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23
Q

What doe the birds beaks have?

A

Serrated edges
Hooked upper beak

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24
Q

Do brds have teeth?

A

Do not have true teeth

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25
What does polychaete Nereis have that can be everted with great speed to seize the prey?
Muscular pharynx
26
What doe fishes, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles use to grip thei prey
Teeth
27
What doe invertebrats hav that they use to reduce food size
Shredding devices and tearing devices
28
This occurs amoung mammals with four type of teeth
Mastication
29
Four types of teeth
Incisors, Canines,Premolars, Molars
29
Function of premoars and molars
Grinding, crushing
29
Usually lacks canines but has well-develope molar
Herbivores
29
Function of Incisors
Bite, cut, strip
30
Modified upper incisor use for defense, attack, and rooting
Elephant's tusk
30
Well-developed and self-sharpening incisor that must be constantly worn away.
Rodent
30
Function of canines
Seize, pierce, tear
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Specialized scraping mouthpart of snail
Radula
33
What does herbivores have for grinding of plant tissue
Corrugated molars
34
Feeding mechanism of parasites
Feeding on fluids
35
What doe parasite hav that keep the blood from cltting
Anticoagulant
36
Three layes of a tooth
Enamel, Dentine, Cementum
37
What do you call an internal parasite
Endoparasites
38
What do you call external parasites
Ectoparasites
39
Characteristic of parasites
Fluid-feeding
40
Mosquitos injects this that causes irritating itch that follow the bite
Anticoagulant saliva
41
These feed on the blood or other body fluids and some may vecto dsease agents
Mosquitoes, lice, bedbugs, tick, mites, flea
42
What type of process is digestion
Mechanical and chemical
43
What molecules are reduce to sijmpler molecule
Carbohydrate, proteins, fats
44
What typ of digestion doe protozoa and sponge have?
Intracellular
45
What do you call the digestiv enzymes
Lysozymes
46
What process is performe in intracellular digestion
Phagocytosis
47
What process is performed when food waste of intracellular digestion is extruded deom the cell
Exocytosis
48
Alimentary system is what type of digestion?
Extracellular digestion
49
Animals that practice both intracellular and extracellular digestion
Bellarian flatworms, simple metazoans, radiates, ribbon worms
50
Allowe regional specialization of digestion wit the development of ___________ flow-throughsystem
Mouth to anus
51
Reduction of food to small absorbable units relies to
Enzymes
52
The digestive enzymes can be also calle
Hydrolytic ezymes
53
Proteins are compose of long chains of
Amino acids
54
Carbohydrate is reduced into?
Simple sugars
55
Fats are reduced into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
56
This describes one ebzyme may cimplete the digestion taht was begun by preceeding enzymes
Enzyme chain
57
What are responsible fo the movement of food through the digestiv tract
Cilia and musculature
58
Two opposing laye of smooth muscles on the gut of a we-develope coelom
Longitudinal and circular layer
59
Characteristic og gut movement, where there is an alternate constriction f rings of smooth muscle of th intestine
Segmentation
60
Muscular action taht moves foo down the gut with wave of constriction
Peristalsis
61
What do you call a digeste food
Bolus
61
Mixes food but oes not move it through the gut
Segmentation
62
Five major regions of alimentary canal
(1) Reception (2) Conduction and storage (3) Grinding an early digestion (4) Terminal digestion and absorption (5) Water absorption and concentration of solids
63
The first region of the alimentary canal
Reception
64
What parts are included in the reception region
Mouthpart, buccal cavity, muscular pharynx (throat)
65
Produce lubricating secretions containing mucus to assist swallowing
Salivary glands
66
The salivary secrcetion of leech that make their bite painles
Anesthetic substance
67
Is a carbohydrate splitting enzyme that begin hydrolysis of plant an animal starches as soon as they hav been ingested
Salivary amylase
68
What do you call a two glucose fragement
Maltose
69
Attacheto the floo rof the mouth that assists foo manipulation and swallowing
Tongue
70
The inner chambers of the reception region
Buccal cavity and pharynx
71
What doe th mouthpart includes
Jaw, mandible, teeth, radula, bills
72
These may contain toxins to quiet a struggling prey
Salivary gland
73
Found mostly in herbivors, some insects an primate to break starch into two glucose molecule
Salivary amylase
74
What prevents food from entering the respiratory passageways
Epiglottis
75
How much do the wall of upper esophagus has skeletal muscle
1/3
76
Serves to transfer food to the digestiv region
Esophagus
77
Expanded part of the esophagus for many invertebrates
Crop
78
A vertebrate that has a crop
Bird
79
This provides initial digestin as well as storage and mixing of food with digestive juices
Stomach
80
These animals continue grinding and crushing in the stomach
Herbivores
81
What animals hav swallowed stones an dgrit assists the muscular gizzrd
Oligochaets and birds
82
What do insect proventriculus have?
Chitinous teeth
83
What do crustaeans have?
Gastric mill
84
Blind tubules or pouche arising from the main passage. Often supplements stomachs of invertebrates
Digestive diverticula
85
What enzymes digests cellulose
Cellulase
86
Typically j shaped muscular tube whos inner epithelial layer contaims glands.
Stomach
87
This opens reflexively when the food enters th stoach ro the esophagu to prevent regurgitation
Cardiac sphincter
88
Th first region of small intestine
Duodenum
89
Regulate the food flow from the stomach into the intestine to prevent regurgitation
Pyloric sphincter
90
Humans, peristaltic wave produces churning movements at how many waves per minute
3 waves per min
91
Tubular glands in the stomach wall
Gastric glands
92
How many do humans secretes gastric glands a day
2 liters
93
What does parietal cells secretes?
Hydrochloric acid
94
What does cheif cells secretes?
Pepsinogen
95
Milk curdling enzyme found in the stomach of rumnant mammals
Rennin
96
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98
When does gastric juices increase?
- Sight of food - prescence of food in the stomach - Emotional distress

Zoology Midterms (7 decks)

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