digestive Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
function of the digestive system is to break down food via hydrolysis into simpler substances or molecules, called ___, that can be used by the body’s cells.
A
nutrients
2
Q
chemical breakdown of a compound due to water interaction
A
hydrolysis
3
Q
taking the food into the body.
A
ingestion
4
Q
physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract
A
peristalsis
5
Q
breakdown of food of both mechanical and chemical mechanisms
A
digestion
6
Q
Passage of digestive food from the body from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic system for distribution to the body’s cells.
A
absorption
7
Q
Elimination from the body of those substances that are ingestible and cannot be absorbed
A
defacation
8
Q
Musculomembranous tube that extends to mount to the anus.
A
alimentary canal
9
Q
accessory gland
A
liver,
gallbladder,
pancreas,
salivary gland
10
Q
Food is masticated and converted into a bolus by salivation.
A
mouth
11
Q
organ of swallowing
A
pharynx, esophagus
12
Q
Where the digestive process
begins.
A
stomach
13
Q
The digestive process
is completed.
A
small intestine
14
Q
Organ of egestion and
water absorption.
A
large intestine
15
Q
- also called buccal cavity
- first division of the digestive system
● roof of the oral cavity is formed by the
hard and soft palates
● floor is formed by the tongue, and it
communicates with the pharynx
posteriorly via the oropharynx.
● encloses the dental arches and receives the saliva secreted by the salivary
glands.
A
mouth or oral cavity
16
Q
space between the teeth and the cheeks
A
oral vestibule
17
Q
mouth proper, space within the dental arches
A
oral cavity
18
Q
chewing
A
mastication
19
Q
act of swallowing
A
deglutition
20
Q
● Accessory organs of digestion
● Produce approx. __ of saliva
● The chewing movements initiate the
mechanical part of digestion
A
salivary glands, 1L
21
Q
3 glands
A
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
22
Q
- Largest salivary gland
- “near the ear”
- Located anterior to the external ear.
A
parotid glands
23
Q
- Large, irregularly shaped glands
- Submaxillary
- Below mandible and maxillary.
A
submandibular gland
24
Q
- Smallest pair, narrow, and elongated in form
- “Below the tongue”
A
sublingual gland
25
● term applied to the radiologic examination of the salivary glands and duct with the use of a contrast material, usually one of the water-soluble iodinated contrast media.
● used to show such conditions as inflammatory lesions and tumors.
sialography
26
Basic Views for Sialography
tangential, lateral, axial projection/intra-oral projection
27
parotid
tangential
28
parotid and submandibular
lateral
29
submandibular and sublingual
axial projection/intra-oral projection
30
● Posterior to the oral cavity
● The pharyngeal is subdivided into nasal,
oral, and laryngeal portions.
pharynx
31
length of pharynx
5 inches (12.5cm)
32
3 pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
33
- Found posterior above the soft and hard palates.
- Anteriorly communicates with the posterior apertures of the nose.
nasopharynx
34
- Extending from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone.
- The base or root of the tongue forms the anterior wall of the oropharynx
oropharynx
35
- Hypopharynx
- Extends inferiorly and is continuous
with the esophagus.
laryngopharynx
36
● AP and lateral using positive contrast
● The exposure must coincide with the
peak of anterior movement of the larynx
● Gunson method = String method
pharyngography
37
● Long, muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the laryngopharynx to the stomach.
esophagus
38
expanded portion of the terminal esophagus, which lies in the abdomen, is called the
cardiac antrum
39
esophagus measure
10 inches long (25cm) and 3⁄4inch diameter ( 2cm)
40
Ring of muscle found within the opening of the hole.
sphincters
41
prevent reflux to avoid reflux esophagitis.
upper and lower sphincter
42
wavelike series of
involuntary muscular contractions that propel solid and semisolid materials through the alimentary canal.
peristalsis
43
collapsible tube that
opens only when swallowing occurs,
Peristaltic contraction starts here.
esophagus
44
● Also called barium swallow
● Used to demonstrate the form and
function of the pharynx and esophagus.
esophagogram
45
● Most dilated portion of the alimentary canal
● Shape and position of the stomach is highly variable from one body habitus to another.
stomach
46
Food stays in the stomach for
2-6 hours (average of 3-4)
47
stomach 4
● Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)
● Cardiac sphincter
● Pyloric orifice or pylorus
● Pyloric sphincter
48
aperture or opening between the esophagus and the stomach
Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)
49
small, circular muscle that allows food and fluid to pass through the cardiac orifice
cardiac sphincter
50
the opening or orifice of the distal stomach.
pyloric orifice or pylorus
51
thickened muscular ring that relaxes periodically during digestion, to allow stomach or gastric contents to move into the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
52
ballooned portion that lies lateral and
superior to the cardiac antrum of the
esophagus
fundus
53
in the upright position, the fundus is
usually filled by the bubble of swallowed air. This is referred to as a
gastric bubble.
54
largest portion of the stomach
body
55
as slight dilation immediately distal to the angular notch;
pyloric antrum
56
ends the pyloric sphincter.
pyloric canal
57
Stomach; high, transverse, and in the middle; extends from approx T9 to T12 with the center of the stomach 2.5 cm distal to the xiphoid process.
hypersthenic
58
High, upper left, J-shaped, T11 to L2 or lower
sthenic
59
J-shaped, T11 to L5 or lower. At the pelvis when standing.
hyposthenic / asthenic
60
● Radiographic examination of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
● Purpose of the _ is to study radiographically the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and to detect abnormal anatomic and functional conditions.
upper GI series
61
● 95% of water is absorbed in this place.
● A major portion of the absorption and
digestion occurs here
● Most drugs are absorbed her
small intestine
62
Food stays __ hours in the small
intestine.
4-5
63
small intestine measure
21 feet in length and averages 1 inch in
diameter
64
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
65
● Shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small bowel.
● Located primarily in the RUQ and extending into the LUQ
duodenum
66
length of duodenum
20-25cm
67
joins the jejunum at a point called
duodenojejunal flexure
68
● Located primarily to the left of the midline in the LUQ, making up 2⁄5 of the remaining aspect of the small intestine.
● Radiographic reference point during a
small bowel study.
● Contains numeral mucosal folds (plicae
circulares) which increase the surface area to aid with the absorption of nutrients
jejunum
69
diameter of jejunum
Inner diameter is approximately 2.5 cm.
70
● Located primarily in the RLQ and LLQ.
● Makes up the distal 3⁄5 of the remaining aspect of the small intestine and is the
longest portion of the small intestine.
ileum
71
Radiographic study of the small intestines with the use of the contrast media.
small bowel series
72
Begins in the RLQ, just lateral to the ileocecal valve.
large intestine
73
4 major parts of large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
74
Food stays in the LI for
5-25 hours.
75
Two flexures;
left (splenic) and right (hepatic) colic flexures.
76
Large blind pouch located inferior to the level of the ileocecal valve.
cecum
77
The most distal part of the small intestine, the ileum, joints the cecum at the ___. Acts as a sphincter, Prevent reflux
ileocecal valve
78
Long, narrow,
worm shaped tube that extends from the cecum. Occasionally, fecal matter or barium sulfate from a GI tract study may fill the appendix and remain there indefinitely
vermiform appendix
79
anal canal terminates as an opening to the exterior, the
anus
80
rectum begins at the level of __ and is about 12 cm long (4 1⁄2 inches).
S3, 12 cm long (4 1/2 inches)
81
The final __ of large intestine is constricted to form the anal canal.
2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1 1⁄2 inches)
82
● Radiographic study of the large intestine.
● Purpose is to demonstrate radiographically the form and function of the large intestine to detect any abnormal conditions.
● Both the single-contrast and the double-contrast barium enema involve the study of the entire large intestine.
barium enema
