spine

Question 1

● central axis of the skeleton and is centered in the midsagittal plane of the posterior part of the trunk
● composed of small segments of bone called ______

Answer 1

Vertebral Column / Spine, vertebra

Question 2

child bones
adult bones

Answer 2

33
26

Question 3

Disks of fibrocartilage that separates the vertebral bodies and act as cushions to the spine

Answer 3

intervertebral disks

Question 4

Each disk has a central mass of soft, pulpy, semi gelatinous material called the _________

Answer 4

nucleus pulposus

Question 5

which is surrounded by an outer fibrocartilaginous disk called the _____

Answer 5

annulus fibrosus

Question 6

rupture or protrusion of pulpy nucleus into the vertebral canal, thereby impinging on the spinal nerve, occurs in lumbar region

Answer 6

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk

Question 7

5 Regions of the Vertebral Column

Answer 7

● Cervical Vertebrae - 7 bones
● Thoracic Vertebrae - 12 bones
● Lumbar Vertebrae - 5 bones
● Sacral Vertebrae - 5 bones / 1 bone
● Coccygeal Vertebrae - 3 or 5 bones / 1
bone

Question 8

true or movable vertebrae.

Answer 8

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

Question 9

false or fixed vertebrae

Answer 9

Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 10

Convex Anteriorly (Lordotic Curves)

Answer 10

Cervical and Lumbar Curve

Question 11

Concave Anteriorly (Kyphotic Curves)

Answer 11

Thoracic and Pelvic Curve

Question 12

called primary curves because they are present at birth.

Answer 12

Thoracic and Pelvic Curves

Question 13

called secondary or compensatory curves because they develop after birth.

Answer 13

Cervical and Lumbar Curves

Question 14

develops when the child begins to hold the head up at about 3 or 4 months.

Answer 14

Cervical vertebrae

Question 15

d evelops when the child begin to walk at about 1 to 1.5 years of age

Answer 15

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 16

• abnormal increase in the anterior concavity (posterior convexity) of the thoracic curve, humpback

Answer 16

Kyphosis

Question 17

abnormal increase in the anterior convexity (posterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical curve, swayback

Answer 17

Lordosis

Question 18

• abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Answer 18

Scoliosis

Question 19

• describes a spinal curve to the right (“dextro” = right). Usually occurring in the thoracic spine, this is the most common type of curve.

Answer 19

Dextroscoliosis

Question 20

• describes a spinal curve to the left (“levo” = left). Common in the lumbar spine.

Answer 20

Levoscoliosis

Question 21

the anterior mass of bone.

Answer 21

body

Question 22

the posterior ringlike
portion of the vertebra

Answer 22

Vertebral Arch

Question 23

space between
the body and the vertebral arch.

Answer 23

vertebral foramen

Question 24

formed by 2 pedicles and 2 laminae that support 4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes, and 1 spinous process

Answer 24

Vertebral Arch

Question 25

arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below, two superior and two inferior

Answer 25

Articular Processes

Question 26

articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches

Answer 26

Zygapophyseal Joints / Interarticular Facet Joints / Apophyseal Joints

Question 27

atypical vertebrae

Answer 27

C1,C2, and C7

Question 28

typical vertebrae

Answer 28

C3 to C6

Question 29

1st cervical vertebra, ringlike structure with no body and has a very short spinous process, consists of an anterior arch, a posterior arch, 2 lateral masses, and 2 transverse processes.

Answer 29

C1 or Atlas

Question 30

Divides the arches of C1 into anterior and posterior portions. The anterior portion of the ring receives the dens (odontoid process) of the axis, and the posterior portion transmits the proximal spinal cord.

Answer 30

transverse atlantal ligament

Question 31

2nd cervical vertebra, has a strong conical process arising from the upper surface of its body. This process is called the _ or _ Process.

Answer 31

C2 or Axis, dens or odontoid

Question 32

long, prominent spinous process that projects almost horizontally to the posterior.

Answer 32

C7 / Vertebra Prominens

Question 33

spinous process are short and has double pointed

Answer 33

bifid tips

Question 34

intervertebral foramina of the cervical region are directed anteriorly at a _____ degree angle from the midsagittal plane of the body.

Answer 34

45

Question 35

foramina are also directed at a ______ degree inferior angle to the horizontal plane of the body.

Answer 35

15

Question 36

zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic vertebrae form an angle of _____ degree to the midsagittal plane of the body

Answer 36

70 to 75

Question 37

smoothly rounded projection on the back of each superior articular process.

Answer 37

Mamillary Process

Question 38

back of the root of the transverse process.

Answer 38

Accessory Process

Question 39

part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes, neck area of scottie dog

Answer 39

Pars Interarticularis

Question 40

zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar region are inclined posteriorly from the coronal plane, forming an angle of ____ degree to the midsagittal plane of the body

Answer 40

30 to 50

Question 41

best position to demonstrates the thoracic foramina

Answer 41

AP Projection

Question 42

mastoid tip, 1 inch below EAM

Answer 42

C1

Question 43

Gonion

Answer 43

C3

Question 44

Adam’s apple

Answer 44

C4 /C5

Question 45

body of T1

Answer 45

vertebra prominens

Question 46

1.5 inches superior to jugular notch

Answer 46

T1

Question 47

jugular notch

Answer 47

T2 / T3

Question 48

sternal angle

Answer 48

Junction of T4 and T5

Question 49

3 to 4 inches inferior to the jugular notch or at the midpoint of the jugular notch and the xiphoid process

Answer 49

T7

Question 50

xiphoid process

Answer 50

junction of T9 and T10

Question 51

greater trochanter

Answer 51

symphysis pubis

Question 52

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Answer 52

S1/S2

Question 53

Iliac Crest

Answer 53

Junction of L4 and L5

Question 54

The lowest margin of the ribs

Answer 54

L2 - L3

Question 55

Xiphoid Tip

Answer 55

Junction of T9 - T10

Question 56

fracture of the Dens

Answer 56

Odontoid fx.

Question 57

kyphosis with onset in adolescence

Answer 57

Scheuermann's Disease / Adolescent Kyphosis

Question 58

Comminuted fracture of the ring of C1

Answer 58

jefferson fx

Question 59

Fracture that causes compaction of bone and a decrease in length or width.

Answer 59

Compression fx

Question 60

congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord. Occurs most often at L5

Answer 60

Spina Bifida

Question 61

generic term used to describe an injury to the neck caused when the neck is suddenly and/or violently jolted in one direction to another. occurs in people who have experienced a vehicular accident.

Answer 61

whiplash

Question 62

Fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension, introduced by Schneider in 1965

Answer 62

hangman’s fx

Question 63

result from a hyperflexion force that causes fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements, back seat passenger restrained by a lap seatbelt and involved in a motor vehicle accident or that of a person who has fallen from a height

Answer 63

Chance fx

Question 64

fractures of the spinous process of a lower cervical vertebra (usually C7), and are usually a stress fracture

Answer 64

Clay-shoveler’s fractures

Question 65

mechanism of injury is compression with hyperflexion in the cervical region. The vertebral body is comminuted, with triangular fragments avulsed from the anteroinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal.

Answer 65

Teardrop Burst Fracture

Question 66

inflammation of the vertebrae

Answer 66

spondylitis

Question 67

inflammatory condition that usually begins in the sacroiliac joints and progresses up the vertebral column. The spine may become completely rigid as the intervertebral and costovertebral joints fuse

Answer 67

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 68

forward displacement of a vertebra, especially the fifth lumbar vertebra, most commonly occurring after a break or fracture.

Answer 68

Spondylolisthesis

Question 69

Backward displacement is referred to as

Answer 69

retrolisthesis.

Question 70

defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.

Answer 70

Spondylolysis

Question 71

term referring to degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints of the spinal vertebrae

Answer 71

Spondylosis

Question 72

occurs when the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Most often in the lumbosacral region in which the vertebrae possess enlarged transverse processes. Another example of transitional vertebra involves the cervical and lumbar ribs.

Answer 72

Transitional Vertebra

Question 73

congenital anomaly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side or both, or to ilium, or both.

Answer 73

Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra

Question 74

condition of being dislocated

Answer 74

Luxation

Question 75

incomplete or partial dislocation

Answer 75

Subluxation

Question 76

condition is characterized by loss of bone mass.

Answer 76

Osteoporosis