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Bio 150 > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we need food?

A

We need food so that we can produce glucose. A component that is very important for cellular respiration and for the creation of energy.

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2
Q

What is the process of digestion?

A 
Ingestion
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Excretion
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3
Q

What is the GENERAL histology of the digestive tract?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa OR adventitia
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4
Q

What determines if an organ has Serosa or Adventitia?

A

If the organ is found in the PERITONEAL CAVITY the lining is SEROSA
If the organ is not in a true serous body cavity the lining is ADVENTITIA.

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5
Q

What is the general anatomy of the oral cavity?

A 
Oral mucosa
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue, teeth
Salivary glands
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6
Q

What are the general functions of the oral cavity?

A

Sensory analysis
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Lubrication

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7
Q

General anatomy of the tongue?

A

Superior side: lingual papillae

Inferior side: Frenulum (tongue web)

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8
Q

General functions of the tongue?

A

Mechanical digestion
Manipulation
Sensory analysis
Secretion of mucin and lingual lipase

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland

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10
Q

Function of salivary gland?

A

Break down carbohydrates w/ enzymes
Flushing out bacteria
Lubrication

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11
Q

What is a baby tooth called?

A

Deciduous teeth

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12
Q

What are the different types of teeth?

A

Incisors
Cuspids
Bicuspids
Molars

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13
Q

Function of the teeth

A

Mastication

Breaking tough connective tissue of meat and plant fibers

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14
Q

What are the parts of a tooth?

A 
Enamel
Dentin
Cement
Pulp
Root canal
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15
Q

What is the scientific word for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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16
Q

What are the phases of Deglutition?

A

Buccal phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase
Final phase

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17
Q

What happens during the Buccal phase of Deglutition?

A

Chewed food is called bolus
Bolus is pushed against hard palate by tongue
Soft palate lifts up blocking nasal cavity

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18
Q

What happens during the Pharyngeal phase of Deglutition?

A

Epiglottis folds down over larynx
Bolus moves posteriorly toward esophagus
Momentary stop in breathing

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19
Q

What happens during the Esophageal phase of Deglutition?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter opens

Peristaltic waves moves bolus down towards stomach

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20
Q

What happens during the final phase of Deglutition?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter opens

Bolus enters stomach

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21
Q

What is the histology of the Esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium w/ large folds

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22
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardiac
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

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23
Q

Where does the pyloric sphincter lead to?

Study These Flashcards
A

The small intestines

24
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

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A

Store ingested food
Mechanically digest food
Chemically digest food to create chyme.

25
What is the histology of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium Rugae Gasteric pits
26
What is rugae?
circular folds in the stomach
27
What is the function of gastric pits?
Secrete acids | Secrete mucous into the lumen
28
What kind of gland is a gastric gland?
Simple branched tubular gland
29
What do gastric glands secrete?
Mucous neck cells Parietal cells Cheif cells G cells
30
What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
31
Absorption happens in what region of the small intestine?
Jejunum
32
What is the function of the small intestine?
Final chemical digestion | 90% of nutrient absorption
33
What is special about the mucosa of the small intestine?
It has permanent circular folds that increase surface area
34
What is the histology of the small intestine?
Permanent circular folds Simple columnar epithelium line intestinal villi Microvilli found at apical surface of epithelial cells Goblet cells secrete mucin Lamina propria contains capillaries, nerves and lacteals
35
What are the 3 regions of the Large intestine?
Cecum Colon Rectum
36
What are the 4 regions of the colon?
Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon
37
What is a houstra?
"pouches" in the colon
38
What are the functions of the large intestine?
Water absorption House bacteria Fecal storage before elimination
39
How does food pass through the stomach to the rectum?
The PYLORIC SPHINTER of the STOMACH leads to the SMALL INTESTINE. The ILIUM of the SMALL INTESTINE leads to the LARGE INTESTINE. The SIGMOID COLON leads to the RECTUM
40
Histology of colon
``` No intestinal villi More goblet cells than small intestine Deeper intestinal glands Large lymph nodules Has bands called teniae coli ```
41
General anatomy of the Rectum
Last 15cm of large intestine Temp. stores feces Last portion is the anal canal, that leads to the anus KERATINIZED STRAITIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM to prevent rectum/anus from abrasion
42
What are the two circular muscle rings in the rectum?
Internal anal sphincter | External anal sphincter
43
What are the accessory digestive organs?
Liver Gall bladder Pancreas
44
What is the function of the liver?
Produce bile to break down fat
45
What are the four lobes of the liver?
Right and left lobe (frontal) | Caudate lobe and quadrate lobe (posterior)
46
What is the right and left lobe of the liver separated by?
Falciform ligament
47
What is a hepatocye?
Liver cell
48
What does the "portal triad" consist of?
``` Hepatic artery ( into) Hepatic vein (into) Bile duct. (out) ```
49
What is the pathway of bile?
Produced by hepatocyes, leaves via bile canaliculi Bile ducts Left and right hepatic ducts Left and right common hepatic duct
50
Where is the pancreas located?
Directly below the stomach
51
What are the three subdivisions of the pancreas?
Head Body Tail
52
What is the major DIGESTIVE function of the pancreas?
Produce enzymes that break down chime into absorbed nutrients Secretes buffer to raise PH to active/deactivate enzymes
53
What are the 5 "mesentery organs"
``` Lesser omentum Greater omentum Mesentery proper Mesocolon Falciform ligament ```
54
Location of the lesser omentum?
Between stomach and liver
55
Location of the greater omentum?
below stomach
56
What does the mesentery proper suspend?
Small intestine
57
Where is the falciform ligament between?
the liver and the diagram

Bio 150 (6 decks)

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