Digestive Anatomy Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
Alimentary Canal
A
Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
2
Q
Accessory Digestive Organs
A
Include teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
3
Q
Peritoneum
A
- Lining of tissue that surrounds digestive organs and lines abdominal cavity
- Separated into visceral and parietal
4
Q
Mesentary
A
- Double layer of peritoneum
- Holds organs in place, stores fat, contains blood vessels and nerves
5
Q
Mesenteries
A
- Greater Omentum: Fatty apron
- Lesser Omentum: Attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach and to the liver
- Attach to posterior abdominal wall
6
Q
Alimentary Canal Wall Layers
A
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa
7
Q
Mucosa
A
- Made up of three layers
- Epithelium (stratified squamous)
- Lamina propria (areolar CT)
- Muscularis Mucosa (create the inner gut folds to increase surface area)
8
Q
Submucosa
A
- Contains blood, lymphatics, and nerves
- Contains the sub-mucosal plexus (controls secretions)
9
Q
Muscularis Externa
A
- Smooth muscle, controls gut motility
- Circular muscularis and longitudinal muscularis to contract in two directions
- Myenteric plexus controls motility
10
Q
Serosa
A
- Visceral peritoneum
Areolar CT
Simple squamous epithelium
11
Q
Mouth Structures
A
- Labial Frenulum
- Lingual Frenulum
- Palate
- Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
- Sulcus Terminalis
- Papillae
12
Q
Frenula
A
- Labial: Connects teeth to gums
- Lingual: Connects tongue to the floor of the mouth
13
Q
Tongue Papillae
A
- Sensory nodes
- Filiform: touch
- Fungiform: taste
- Circumvallate: taste (back)
14
Q
Teeth types
A
- Deciduous (baby teeth)
- From front to back:
- Incisors
- Canines
- Premolars
- Molars
15
Q
Dentin
A
- Calcified CT that makes up most of the tooth
16
Q
Salivary Glands
A
- Produce saliva and salivary amylase
- Three different glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
17
Q
Stomach Muscle Layers
A
- Circular
- Longitudinal
- Oblique
18
Q
Order of Small Intestine Subdivisions
A
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
19
Q
Stomach Innervation
A
- Vagus: parasympathetic
- Thoracic Splanchnic: sympathetic
20
Q
Duodenum
A
- Receives digestive enzymes, bile, and stomach contents
21
Q
Intestinal Cell Types
A
- Absorptive Cells (nutrient Uptake)
- Goblet Cells (mucus secretion)
- Endocrine Cells (hormone secretion)
- Intestinal Crypts (secrete intestinal juices)
22
Q
Subdivisions of the Large Intestine
A
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Anal Canal
23
Q
Large Intestine Special Features
A
- Teniae Coli (thickening of longitudinal muscularis, creating haustra)
- Haustra (compartments in the intestine for digestion)
- Epiploic Appendages (fat filled pouches of visceral Peritoneum)
24
Q
Ileocecal Valve
A
The valve that separates the small and large intestines
25
Are villi present in the large intestine?
No
26
Largest Gland in the Body
The liver
27
Hepatocyte
- Functional cells of the liver
- Make blood proteins
- Smooth ER produces bile salts and detoxifies poisons
- Peroxisomes detoxify alcohol
- Glycosomes store sugar
28
Portal Triad
- Bile duct tributaries
- Hepatic portal vein
- Hepatic artery
29
Kupffer Cells
Destroy bacteria in the liver
30
Liver Lobule
- Made up of hepatocytes, portal triads, and Kupffer cells
- Functional units of the liver (kind of like how bone is organized)
31
Glaabladder
- Stores bile
- Releases bile into duodenum
32
Pancreas
- Exocrine: Acinar cells produce pancreatic enzymes
- Endocrine: Insulin and glucagon
