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Hesi Prep > Digestive Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Digestive Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four digestive functions?

A

Movement, secretion, digestion and absorption.

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2
Q

Function that mixes and passes nutrients through the system and eliminates waste?

A

Movement

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3
Q

Function where enzymes, hormones and other substances necessary for digestion are secreted into digestive tract?

A

Secretion

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4
Q

Function where chemical breakdown of nutrients into smaller units that enter the internal environment?

A

Digestion

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5
Q

Function where is passage of nutrients through the plasma membrane into blood or lymph then to the body?

A

Absorption

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6
Q

Digestion begins in the ______ with chewing and mixing nutrients with saliva?

A

Mouth

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7
Q

What glands become stimulated when chewing and secrete saliva?

A

Salivary glands

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8
Q

Saliva contains _______ which initiate breakdown of starch in digestion?

A

Enzymes

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9
Q

Once swallowed food moves down the ________ into _________ in route to the stomach?

A

Pharynx; esophagus

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10
Q

What is the flexible, muscular sac?

A

Stomach

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11
Q

Mixing, storing of food, dissolving & degrading food by secretions and controlling passage of food into small intestine are function of?

A

Stomach; three main functions

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12
Q

______ digestion begins in the stomach?

A

Protein

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13
Q

What helps break down food and make nutrients available for absorption?

A

Stomach acidity

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14
Q

Smooth muscle moves food by _______ contracting and relaxing to move along nutrients?

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Smooth muscle contraction moves nutrients into small intestine where ______ process begins?

A

Absorption process

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16
Q

What’s the largest organ of the body and largest gland?

A

Liver

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17
Q

How much does the liver weigh?

A

3 pounds

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18
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Below diaphragm on right side of the chest.

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19
Q

Liver is made up of four ?

A

Lobes

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20
Q

What are the four lobes called?

A

Right, left, quadrate, and caudate lobe.

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21
Q

The liver is secured to the diaphragm and abdominal walls by?

A

Five ligaments

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22
Q

What are the five ligaments called?

A

Falciform, coronary, right triangular, left triangular and round ligaments.

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23
Q

Which ligament forms a membrane barrier between the right and left liver lobes?

A

Falciform ligament

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24
Q

The liver processes all the _______ that passes through the digestive system?

A

Blood

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25
Q

Nutrient rich blood is supplied to the liver by the?

A

Hepatic portal vein

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26
Q

What supplies oxygen rich blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

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27
Q

Blood leaves the liver through the?

A

Hepatic veins

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28
Q

What is the livers functional units called?

A

Lobules

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29
Q

Lobules are made up of layers of?

A

Liver cells

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30
Q

Blood enters lobules through the branches of the ____________ and _________?

A

Portal vein & hepatic artery

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31
Q

After blood enters lobules then blood flows through small channels called?

A

Sinusoids

32
Q

Liver is responsible for the production of ?

A

Bile and certain blood plasma proteins

33
Q

Liver is responsible for the production of _________ and proteins needed to carry fats?

A

Cholesterol

34
Q

Liver is responsible for storage of excess glucose in the form ________?

A

Glycogen

35
Q

Can glycogen be converted back to glucose when needed?

A

True

36
Q

Liver is responsible for the regulation of ?

A

Amino acids and blood clotting

37
Q

Liver is responsible for the processing of _________ to store ion?

A

Hemoglobin

38
Q

Liver is responsible for conversion of ammonia (poison to body) to _____ (waste excreted in urine)?

A

Urea

39
Q

Liver is responsible for __________ of the blood (clears out drugs and other toxin)?

A

Purification

40
Q

Liver is responsible for controlling infections by boosting __________ and removing bacteria?

A

Immune factors

41
Q

What long tapered organ is six to ten inches long?

A

Pancreas

42
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Back of abdomen behind the stomach

43
Q

The right side of the pancreas is wider and called the?

A

Head

44
Q

The left side of the pancreas is narrow and called the?

A

Tail

45
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas lie?

A

Near the duodenum

46
Q

Where does the tail of the pancreas end?

A

Near the spleen

47
Q

The pancreas body is made up of ?

A

Exocrine and endocrine tissues

48
Q

Which tissues secrete digestive enzymes from a series of ducts that forms the main pancreatic duct?

A

Exocrine tissue

49
Q

What duct connects to the common bile duct near the duodenum?

A

Main pancreatic duct

50
Q

Which tissues secrete hormones (insulin) into bloodstream?

A

Endocrine tissues

51
Q

Blood is supplied to the pancreas from the?

A

Splenic artery, gastroduodenal artery and superior mesenteric artery.

52
Q

Pancreas assists in digestion by secreting enzymes that help break down many foods especially?

A

Fats and proteins

53
Q

Precursors to enzymes zymogens are produced by groups of exocrine cells called?

A

Acini

54
Q

Acini are converted to what active enzymes once they enter the small intestine?

A

Pancreatic lipase and amylase

55
Q

Large amounts of ___________ are secreted to neutralize stomach acid that reaches the small intestine?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

56
Q

________ functions are controlled by hormones released by stomach and duodenum when food is present?

A

Exocrine

57
Q

Exocrine secretions flow through into the main pancreatic duct (_______)?

A

Wirsung’s duct

58
Q

Exocrine secretions are delivered to duodenum through the ?

A

Pancreatic duct

59
Q

In the digestive process most nutrients are absorbed in the?

A

Small intestine

60
Q

Enzymes from pancreas, liver, and stomach are transported to small intestine to aid with?

A

Digestion

61
Q

These digestion enzymes act on?

A

Fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins

62
Q

A secretion of the liver and is useful in breaking down fats?

A

Bile

63
Q

Where is bile stored in between meals?

A

Gallbladder

64
Q

When food reaches the small intestine lining it’s been reduced to?

A

Small molecules

65
Q

Small intestine lining is covered with?

A

Villi

66
Q

Villi tiny absorptive structures increase surface area for interaction with?

A

Chyme

67
Q

Chyme is the semi ______ of partially digested food?

A

Liquid mass

68
Q

Epithelial cells at the surface of villi, _____ further increases the ability to serve as main absorption organ of digestive tract?

A

Microvilli

69
Q

The large intestine is also called the?

A

Colon

70
Q

Large intestine concentrates, mixes, and stores?

A

Waste material

71
Q

Large intestine ascend on right side of abdominal cavity, cuts transversely to left side, the descends and attaches to the?

A

Rectum

72
Q

The rectum is the short tube for?

A

Waste disposal

73
Q

When rectal wall is distended (enlarged, swollen) by waste material the ________ system triggers impulse in body to expel waste?

A

Nervous system

74
Q

A muscle sphincter at the end of the _____ is stimulated to facilitate the expelling of waste material?

A

Anus

75
Q

Speed at which waste moves through colon is influenced by volume of _____ and other undigested material present?

A

Fiber

76
Q

Without adequate bulk in diet, it takes ______ to move waste along?

A

Longer

77
Q

Lack of bulk in diet has been linked to?

A

Several disorders

Hesi Prep (6 decks)

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