Digestive (GI TRACT) Flashcards
HEHE
1
Q
Inflammation of the parotid glands
A
MUMPS
2
Q
Other term for mumps
A
PAROTITIS
3
Q
What gland is swollen when you have mumps?
A
PAROTID GLANDS
4
Q
Causative agent of mumps that is COMMON - BENIGN
A
PARAMYXOVIRUS
5
Q
Causative agent of mumps that is FEW-SEVERE
A
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
6
Q
MUMPS (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS FOR THE PAROTID GLAND)
A
DISCOLORATION, PAIN, SWOLLEN
7
Q
OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR MUMPS
A
DYSPHAGIA, FEVER, HEADACHE, MUSCLE ACHES
8
Q
Mode of Transmission for Mumps
A
Direct contact - saliva or respiratory droplets
Close contact activities - sports, kissing, dancing
9
Q
Diagnostic Examination
A
P.E., BUCCAL SWAB, RT-qPCR
10
Q
Diagnostic Examination (Suppurative parotitis)
A
Nasopharyngeal swab, buccal swab, serum - bacterial culture
11
Q
How many days do the VIRAL mumps disappear?
A
10 DAYS
12
Q
T or F: VIRAL Mumps disappear on its own?
A
TRUE (T)
13
Q
What antibiotic is taken for BACTERIAL mumps? and for how many days?
A
PENICILLIN (7 DAYS)
14
Q
What medications is used for MUMPS?
A
ANALGESIC
15
Q
What type of compresse/s are used for MUMPS?
A
COLD OR WARM
16
Q
When there is testicular swelling in MUMPS, what should be done?
A
elevation and cold compression
17
Q
list the management for MUMPS
A
- viral - disappears on its own for 10 days
- bacterial - penicillin for 7 days
- supportive care
- analgesic medication
- cold or warm compresses (swollen parotid glands)
- testicular swelling - elevation and cold compression
18
Q
T or F: Mumps cause complications occasionally in INFANTS
A
FALSE (F) - ADULTS
19
Q
Complications of mumps that can happen to males
A
ORCHITIS
20
Q
Orchitis in males can lead to?
A
TESTICULAR ATROPHY
21
Q
List all complications of MUMPS
A
orchitis
oophoritis/mastitis
pancreatitis
encephalitis
meningitis
deafness
22
Q
Best prevention for MUMPS
A
VACCINATION (MMR 2 DOSES)
23
Q
How many days should a pt with mumps be excluded from school or work?
A
9 days
24
Q
Dental Caries is also known as
A
Tooth decay
25
demineralization of tooth resulting to formation of CAVITIES
dental caries
26
Causative Agent for dental caries
Oral Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci
*Streptococcus mutans
*Streptococcus sobrinus
Mixed species:
*Streptococcus spp.
*Lactobacilli
*Actinomyces
27
Give the assessment used for dental caries
*Cavity
*Halitosis
*Toothache
*Altered taste
*Discoloration
*Sensitivity
28
Mode of transmission for Dental Caries
Direct contact
29
Diagnostic Examination for Dental Caries
Dental check-up AND Dental x-ray
30
What is used for fillings of dental caries
fluoride
31
Give the 3 Management used for dental caries
*Fluoride fillings
*Extraction
*Root Canal
32
Give the 3 complications under Dental caries
clue: (G A S)
gingivitis
abscess
sepsis
33
What should be the mouthwash of a person to prevent dental caries?
chlorhexidine
34
What should be the angle of the bristles when brushing the teeth?
45 degrees
35
Shigellosis is also known as?
BACILLARY DYSENTERY
36
severe INFLAMMATORY disease characterized by EROSION of intestinal mucosa
shigellosis
37
causative agents of shigellosis
shigella dysenteriae
s. sonnei
s. boydii
s. flexneri
38
Signs and symptoms of shigellosis
*Diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus)
*fever
*Abdominal pain
*Tenesmus - is a feeling of being unable to empty the bowel or bladder
39
enumerate the steps how shigellosis b doin its job
1. invasion
2. phagosome lysis and macrophage apoptosis
3. release of IL-1 and PMN transmigration
4. shigella migration through disrupted tight junctions
5. multiplication and intracellular spread
6. epithelial cells die and fluids are lost
40
Mode of transmission for shigellosis
*4 F's
*waterborne
*sexual contact
41
What are the 4 F'S of shigellosis
food, fomite, finger, flies
42
Diagnostic examination for shigellosis
stool examination
stool culture
rectal swab specimen (EMB or macConkey agar)
43
Management for shigellosis
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
Antimicrobial agents
44
What are the antimicrobial agents used for patients with shigellosis?
ciprofloxacin
ampicillin
doxycycline
TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)
45
What are the ingredients and measurements used for making homemade oresol? (topic:shigellosis)
1 liter water
4-5 tsp of sugar
1/2 tsp salt
46
Complications of Shigellosis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Rectal prolapse
Seizures
Toxic Megacolon
Severe dehydration
47
Gastroenteritis is also known as? (GIVE 2)
Intestinal flu
Traveller's Diarrhea
48
Acute inflammation of the stomach and intestine
Gastroenteritis
49
Causative agent for Gastroenteritis
Virus
*Adenovirus
*Rotavirus
*Norovirus
*AstroVirus
Bacteria
*Escherichia coli
*Campylobacter jejuni
50
Signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis
diarrhea
abdominal pain
abdominal cramps
flatulence
anorexia
fever
blood in stool in some cases
vomiting
51
Mode of transmission of gastroenteritis
fecal-oral route
foodborne
waterborne
direct contact (person to person)
52
diagnostics for gastroenteritis
fecalysis
blood culture
53
Management for gastroenteritis
oral rehydration
ivf replacement
antiemetic
antipyretic
antispasmodic
54
Match the following:
antiemetic: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
antipyretic: metoclopramide (Plasil)
antispasmodic: butylscopolamine (buscopan)
antiemetic:metoclopramide (Plasil)
antipyretic: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
antispasmodic: butylscopolamine (buscopan)
55
Complications of gastroenteritis
chronic diarrhea
sepsis
systemic infection
dehydration
56
Prevention of gastroenteritis
rotateq vaccine
57
what kind of vaccine is rotateq?
live, attenuated
58
How many doses of rotateq for gastro?
3 doses
59
When to take the first dose of rotateq for gastro?
6 weeks of age
60
How many weeks is the interval per dose of rotateq for gastro?
4 weeks
61
what are the side effects of the rotateq vaccine?
fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes
62
Typhoid fever is also known as? (GIVE 2)
enteric fever and abdominal typhus
63
Bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body affecting many organs
typhoid fever
64
causative agent for typhoid fever
salmonella typhi
common cause = salmonella paratyphi
65
pathognomonic sign for typhoid fever
rose spots
66
Mode of transmission for typhoid fever
contaminated food and water
67
Diagnostic examination for typhoid fever
widal test
blood culture
stool culture
typhidot
68
This diagnostic examination rapidly checks for the presence of IgM or IgG
typhidot
69
specimen for typhidot
blood
70
Interpret:
+ IgM - IgG
+IgM +IgG
+ IgM - IgG = ACUTE INFECTION
+IgM +IgG = RECENT INFECTION
71
Agglutinating antibodies against H and O antigens of s. typhi
widal test
72
Management for typhoid fever
Oral rehydration
IVF replacement (d5nm)
Antibiotics
73
Antibiotics for typhoid fever (3 c's)
ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, cefixime
74
complication of typhoid fever
peritonitis
dehydration
75
is there a vaccination for typhoid?
yes, typhoid vaccine (TYPBAR)
76
Cholera is also known as
El Tor
77
acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting contaminated food or water
cholera
78
causative agent for cholera
vibrio cholerae
79
What is the stool consistency of someone with cholera
rice water stools - profuse diarrhea
80
signs and symptoms of cholera
rice water stool
hypotension
diarrhea
abdominal cramps
poor skin tugor
81
mode of transmission of cholera
foodborne and waterborne
82
diagnostic examination of cholera
microscopic examination - darkfield phase - contract microscopy
pasteur dipstick test (5mins)
83
What is the specimen for pasteur dipstick test?
watery stool
84
management for cholera
oral rehydration
ivf replacement -D5LR
antibiotics
85
antibiotics for cholera
doxycycline
erythromycin
tetracycline
86
complications of cholera
dehydration and shock
87
is there a vaccine for cholera?
yes
88
lesions that develop in the mucosal lining of the stomach or upper portion of the small intestine
peptic ulcer
89
causative agent of peptic ulcer
helicobacter pylori
90
signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer
diarrhea
epigastric pain
melena
hematemesis
vomiting
anorexia
pain in the back
91
mode of transmission for peptic ulcer
direct contact
oral-fecal route
92
Diagnostic examination for peptic ulcer
Barium swallow
EGD
Urea breath test
93
rapid Dx for peptic ulcer
urea breath test
94
what is swallowed during a urea breath test
carbon isotope
95
a result of (+) radioactive CO2 indicates?
positive for h. pylori
96
Management
Antacids and antibiotics
97
Classification of peptic ulcers?
esophageal, gastric, duodenal
98
complications of peptic ulcer
gastrointestinal obstruction
gastrointestinal perforation
99
should a patient with peptic ulcer take NSAIDS?
NO
100
common bacterial disease that infects the intestinal tract
salmonellosis
101
Where do the salmonella spp live in animals and humans?
intestines, shed through the stools
102
causative agent for salmonellosis
salmonella spp.
103
signs and symptoms for salmonellosis
fever nausea vomiting headache blood in stools
104
mode of transmission for salmonellosis
contaminated food and water, uncooked meat products
105
diagnostic examination
biochemical tests
stool culture
106
management for salmonellosis
antimicrobial therapy
rehydration
107
complications of salmonellosis
enterocolitis
typhoid fever
septicemia
108
infectious hepatitis
hepa a
109
serum hepatitis
hepa b
110
parenteral hepatitis
hepa c
111
delta hepatitis
hepa d
112
enteric hepatitis
hepa e
113
causative agents for HEPA'S:
A,B,C,D,E
a - HAV
b - HBV
c - HCV
d - HDV
e - HEV
114
What is the family of hepatovirus
picornaviridae
115
mode of transmission for hepa a and hepa e
fecal-oral
116
mode of transmission for hepa b and c
parenteral, sexual, insidious
117
mode of transmission for hepa d
parenteral, sexual
118
whats the color of the stool of a person with hepa c and hepa d
pale
119
what color is the urine of a person with hepa b
dark
120
what vaccine is used for person with hepa d
hepa b vaccine
121
management for hepa d
pegylated interferon alpha
122
management for hepa a and e
symptom management
123
management for hepa b
antiviral medication
-tenofovir
-entecavir
-pegylated interferon
124
management for hepa c
direct acting antivirals
-sofusbuvir
-ledipasvir
-velpatasir
125
complication for hepatitis a and e
fulminant hepatitis
126
complication for hepatitis b and d
liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure
127
complication for hepatitis c
liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, cryoglobulinemia
