genitourinary system Flashcards
lel
1
Q
a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system
A
urinary tract infection
2
Q
What part of the urinary system is affected by UTI
A
kidneys urethra bladder ureters
3
Q
UPPER UTI (GIVE THE 2)
A
Ureteritis - ureters
Pyelonephritis - kidneys
4
Q
LOWER UTI
A
urethritis - urethra
cystitis - bladder
5
Q
most common causative agent for uti
A
e. coli
6
Q
Why mas common ang uti sa females?
A
shorter urethra
7
Q
what are the mechanical factors that cause uti
A
catheterization, sexual activity, obstruction (kidney stones), douching
8
Q
metabolic disorder that causes uti
A
diabetes due to glucosuria
9
Q
mode of transmission for uti
A
contact
10
Q
incubation period of uti
A
3-8 days
11
Q
signs and symptoms of uti
A
urinary frequency
urinary urgency
pain
12
Q
urethritis pain:
A
dysuria (burning sensation)
13
Q
cystitis
A
hypogastric/suprapubic
14
Q
ureteritis and pyelonephritis
A
flank/groin
15
Q
pyelonephritis signs and symptoms
A
costovertebral angle tenderness
hematuria/pyuria
fever and chills
16
Q
complications of uti
A
sepsis
acute kidney injury
kidney damage
17
Q
complications of uti female
A
inflamed uterus ovary fallopian; pelvic inflammatory disease
18
Q
complications of uti male
A
inflammation of epididymis testicles prostate
19
Q
What is the gold standard in the diagnostic procedure of someone with uti
A
GS CS - gram staining culture and sensitivity
20
Q
diagnostic procedures of uti
A
GS CS
CBC
URINALYSIS
KUB Ultrasound
Intravenous pyelogram
21
Q
what juice is good for prevention ng uti?
A
cranberry juice
22
Q
should we shower or bath to prevent uti?
A
shower
23
Q
treatment and management for uti
A
antibiotic therapy
fluid replacement
analgesics
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
24
Q
zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through urine of infected animals
A
leptospirosis
25
leptospirosis is also known as?
Weil's disease
26
Causative agent for leptospirosis
leptospira interrogans
leptospira spp.
27
risk factors of lepto
*occupation: sewage workers, farmers, miners
*location: rat infested, flood prone
*open wound to contaminated waters and soil
*swimming in contaminated water
28
mode of transmission lepto
contact with infected animal urine
vehicle - contaminated water/soil
vector - rodents/wild animals
29
incubation period of lepto
2-30 days
30
how many days 'til the lepto illness occur after exposure?
5-14 days
31
T OR F: Lepto is a monophasic infection
FALSE (F) biphasic infection
32
What are the 2 phases of lepto?
leptospiremic phase and immune phase
33
What phase does lepto have mild fever and mild headache
immune phase
34
what phase does lepto have high fever and severe headache
leptospiremic phase
35
what phase jaundice occurs for patients with lepto
immune phase
36
complications of leptospirosis
hepatic failure
renal failure
meningitis
37
What is the gold standard in the diagnostic procedure of someone with LEPTO
Microscopic Agglutination test
38
Diagnostic procedures for lepto
dark field microscopy
serology
*microscopic agglutination test
*ELISA
*PCR
39
antibiotic for mild lepto. also serves as prophylaxis for exposure
doxycycline
40
antibiotic for SEVERE lepto
penicillin G
41
dialysis under lepto
azotemia
42
sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by vesicles and papules in the external genitalia
genital herpes
43
genital herpes is also known as?
herpes genitalis
44
causative agent for genital herpes
herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV 1 AND 2)
45
sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths or bumps on the genital area
genital warts
46
genital warts is also known as?
condylomata acuminata
47
causative agent for genital warts
human papillomavirus (HPV)
48
RISK FACTORS for genital herpes and warts
unprotected sex
early age of being sexually active
weak immune system
multiple sex partners
49
incubation period for genital herpes
2-7 days
50
incubation period for warts
1-8 months but can take years
51
MOT genital herpes
sexual contact
vertical transmission
oral contact
asymptomatic shedding
52
MOT genital warts
sexual transmission
vertical transmission
autoinoculation
fomites
53
*Slightly tender papule that ulcerates over 1 - several weeks
*itching
*dysuria
*fever and body pain
*swollen lymph nodes
genital herpes
54
*small, hard, benign lesions
*cauliflower like shape, cluster of warts
*itching and discomfort
*dyspareunia
genital warts
55
Complications of genital warts
cervical or vulvar cancer
56
complications of genital herpes
*meningitis, encephalitis
*proctitis, urethritis
*secondary sti
57
diagnostic procedure for genital herpes
tzank smear
pcr, viral culture
immunofluoresence
58
diagnostic procedure for genital warts
papanicolau smear
dna test
59
vaccine for genital warts
HPV vaccine
60
treatment for genital herpes
antiviral: acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
61
treatment for genital warts
cryotherapy
surgical removal
imiquimod cream and podofilox gel
62
sexually transmitted infection characterized by firm, round, painless sores on genitals, rectum, and mouth
syphilis
63
causative agent for syphilis
treponema pallidum
64
risk factors for syphilis
unprotected sex
early age of being sexually active
multiple sexual partners
infected blood transfusion
weak immune system
65
mode of transmission
direct sexual contact
vertical transmission
blood transfusion
66
incubation period of syphilis
10-90 days
67
Give the stages of adult syphilis
primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
latent syphilis
tertiary syphilis
68
signs and symptoms for primary syphilis
chancre
69
These are hard painless papule that becomes ulcer with well-delineated borders in syphilis
chancre
70
signs and symptoms for secondary syphilis
*condylomata lata
*body rash
*flu like symptoms
*lymphadenopathy
71
signs and symptoms for latent syphilis
asymptomatic
72
signs and symptoms for tertiary (late) syphilis
*gummas
*aortic aneurysm
*neurosyphilis
73
signs and symptoms for EARLY congenital syphilis
*initially asymptomatic
*runny nose
*rash
*condylomata lata
*hepatosplenomegaly
74
signs and symptoms for LATE congenital syphilis
*8TH nerve deafness with both and teeth deformities
*saddle nose
*saber's chin
*hutchinson's teeth
*moon's molars
75
complications of syphilis
organ damage
multi-organ failure
76
diagnostic prodedure
dark field microscopy
serology
77
treatment for syphilis
antibiotic
benzathine penicillin G
doxycycline if allergic to penicillin
78
fungal infection characterized by superficial white patches along oral and vaginal mucosa
candidiasis
79
oral candidiasis is also known as?
thrush or moniliasis
80
causative agent of candidiasis
candida albicans
81
risk factors for candidiasis
*prolonged use of antibiotics and corticosteroids
*weakened immune system
*hiv aids, diabetes, cancer
*infancy <6 months
*long term hospitalization
*pregnancy and hormonal changes
82
MOT of candidiasis
*direct contact
*vertical transmission during CHILDBIRTH
83
incubation period for oral candidiasis
2-5 days
84
incubation period for vaginal candidiasis
2 days - >1week
85
signs and symptoms for oral candidiasis
*white cheese/curd like tongue
*cracking
*burning sensation/tenderness
*pruritus
*loss of taste
86
signs and symptoms for vaginal candidiasis
*white cottage cheese curd like discharge
*itching and irritation
*redness and swelling
*rash
87
diagnosis for candidiasis
P.E.
swab and culture
microscopy with KOH
88
complication for candidiasis
sepsis- candidemia
89
what antibiotics should a person with candidiasis should use
narrow spectrum antibiotics
90
T or F: person with candidiasis should douch and use tight moist clothing
FALSE
91
Treatment for candidiasis
Antifungal:
nystatin (mycostatin)
clotrimazole (canesten)
amphotericin B (fungizone)
92
sexually-transmitted bacterial infection that causes infection in the genitals, rectum, throat
gonorrhea
93
causative agent for gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea
94
sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy
chlamydia
95
causative agent for chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatis
96
risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia
sexually active
engaged in unprotected oral, vaginal, anal sex
multiple sexual partners
history of STI'S
pregnancy
97
incubation period for gonorrhea
2-10 days
98
incubation period for chlamydia
7-21 days
99
MOT for gonorrhea and chlamydia
sexual contact
vertical transmission during CHILDBIRTH
100
diagnostic procedure for gonorrhea
Modified thayer-martin culture
nucleic acid amplification test
100
diagnostic procedure for chlamydia
nucleic acid amplification test
101
the primary site of infection sa males with gonorrhea
urethra
102
the primary site of infection sa females with gonorrhea
cervix
103
T or F: Gonorrhea is not asymptomatic at early stage
F, its asymptomatic at early stage
104
signs and symptoms for males with gonorrhea
purulent yellow-green discharge
dysuria
swollen testicles
105
signs and symptoms for females with gonorrhea
purulent yellow-green discharge
dysuria
abdominal pain
106
signs and symptoms for females with chlamydia
white watery discharge with foul smell
dysuria
107
signs and symptoms for males with chlamydia
white watery discharge with foul smell
dysuria
swollen testicles
108
complications for females with gonorrhea and chlamydia
pelvic inflammatory disease
infertility, stricture of fallopian tube
ectopic pregnancy
109
complications for males with gonorrhea and chlamydia
epididymitis, proctitis
infertility
110
what prophylaxis is used sa newborns para 'di sila magkaroon ng gonorrhea and chlamydia?
erythromycin
111
treatment for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
ciprofloxacin
cefixime
ofloxacin
112
treatment for chlamydia
azithromycin
doxycycline
erythromycin
