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NC Review > Digestive Health > Flashcards

Digestive Health Flashcards

1
Q

Amylase

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down simple sugars

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2
Q

Betaine

A
  • digestive enzyme

- rids the body of homocysteine

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3
Q

Cellulase

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down cellulose

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4
Q

Lactase

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down lactose

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5
Q

Lipase

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down dietary fats into fatty acids

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6
Q

Pepsin

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down proteins into smaller peptides

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7
Q

Protease

A
  • digestive enzyme

- breaks down proteins into AAs

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8
Q

pH

A
  • saliva normal range: 6.5 - 6.8; ideal is >6.8
  • HCl: 1.5 - 2.0
  • mouth and small intestine: alkaline
  • stomach and large intestine: acidic
  • right pH: enzymes work, wrong pH: enzymes do NOT work
  • urine pH: 6.5 (test 1st of day, monitor often)
  • blood: 7.35 - 7.45
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9
Q

Health mouth support

A
  • good dental hygiene, no amalgams
  • fruits and veggies to alkalinize
  • de-stress
  • Gums: optimal vitamin C for connective tissue
  • dark green leafy veggies (folic acid)
  • yellow/orange vegs: carotenes
  • CoQ10: gum disease or root canal
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10
Q

Pepsin

A
  • HCl changes pepsinogen to pepsin

- begins digestion of proteins

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11
Q

Intrinsic factor

A
  • carries B12 to ileum for absorption
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12
Q

Gastrin

A
  • hormone controlled by thyroid hormone
  • stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl
  • stimulates mucosal cell growth
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13
Q

Ghrelin

A
  • hormone secreted from stomach lining

- stimulates hunger at hypothalamic level

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14
Q

Leptin

A
  • hormone secreted from adipose tissue

- hunger suppressant at hypothalamic level

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15
Q

Cholecystokinin

A
  • CCK
  • triggered by arrival of chyme in stomach
  • from small intestine
  • stimulates bile and digestive enzymes from pancreas
  • suppresses appetite
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16
Q

HCl

A
  • only produced w/ enough minerals and nutrients
  • denatures proteins
  • pepsinogen —> pepsin
  • ionizes minerals
  • kills pathogens entering on food
  • production decreases with age
  • home test: use ACV or HCL betaine before meal
17
Q

Low HCl

A
  • bitters (veggies, herbs, tinctures)
  • HCl supplement
  • digestive enzymes
  • minerals, esp. zinc
  • fiber
  • ACV, lemon w/ meals
  • spicy or heating herbs
  • easy to digest proteins
  • smaller meals
  • identify and address food allergies
  • cultured foods, probiotics
  • mindful eating, chew!, manage stress
18
Q

High HCl

A
  • aloe vera juice
  • DGL, slippery elm
  • soaked flax seeds
  • cabbage juice
  • chamomile and demulcent teas
  • avoid: spicy and acidic foods, alcohol, coffee
  • stress management
  • lots of liquids esp. water to dilute HCl
19
Q

Heartburn

A
  • avoid: onion, garlic, spicy foods, fatty/fried/greasy foods, chocolate, coffee, smoking, citrus, tomato
  • many meds cause this!
  • determine if HCl is high/low
  • eat slowly and smaller meals
  • don’t lie down after eating
  • drink water upon 1st symptom
  • 1 tsp. baking soda in water
20
Q

Probiotics

A
  • “for life”
  • regulates GI tract
  • used for hangovers, diarrhea, constipation, gut issues, eczema, respiratory disease
21
Q

Lipid digestion

A
  • (mostly triglycerides)
  • bulk of fat digestion in small intestine
  • bile emulsifies fats in chyme
  • pancreatic lipase then breaks down
22
Q

Carb digestion

A
  • pancreatic amylases
23
Q

Protein digestion

A
  • begins in stomach with HCl and pepsin
24
Q

Leaky gut

A
  • irritation of intestinal lining
  • partly-digested foods entry into blood stream
  • causes allergies, auto-immunity, systemic inflammation
  • affects liver
  • causes: food allergens*, pathogens, alcohol, NSAIDs, steroids, chemo, age, stress hormones, poor digestion
  • critical to remove irritating factors
25
Q

Somatostatin

A
  • tells GI tract to slow down digestion

- decreases stomach emptying and gallbladder contractions

26
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A
  • alkalinizes acid chyme from stomach

- induced by secretin from cells in duodenum

27
Q

Bile

A
  • bitter yellow fluid from liver cells
  • 1 qt. produced/day
  • contains water, cholesterol, lecithin, bile pigments and acids/salts
  • forms part of stool (tan/gray —> poor bile flow)
  • emulsifies fat, helps body absorb vitamins ADEK
  • cholagogue herbs promote bile flow: milk thistle, dandelion, artichoke, burdock, yellow dock, barberry, gentian
28
Q

Digestive Health (general)

A
  • strengthen digestion (bitters, HCl, ginger, digestive enzymes, probiotics)
  • strengthen adrenals (higher protein/fat, no stimulants, omega 3s for inflammation, vitamins C and B5, adaptogens)
  • practice nutrient density
29
Q

CCK

A
  • cholecysteokinin
  • hormone stimulated by HCl after we eat fat/protein
  • released into bloodstream by small intestine
  • regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes

NC Review (23 decks)

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