Digestive Histo II

Question 1

What are the projections of apical membrane of the intestinal absorptive cells that create the striated border?

Answer 1

Microvilli

Question 2

What makes up the core of the plicae circularis folds?

Answer 2

Submucosa

Question 3

What makes up the core of each individual villus of the plicae circularis?

Answer 3

Lamina propria

Question 4

What are the absorptive cells of the SI called?

Answer 4

Enterocytes

Question 5

Do goblet cells increase or decrease as we move distally in the SI?

Answer 5

Increase

Question 6

The simple tubular glands of the SI are called what? They do not extend past what?

Answer 6

Crypts of Lieberkuhn; muscularis mucosae

Question 7

What are the exocrine cells at the base of the Crypts of Lieberkuhn?

Answer 7

Paneth cells

Question 8

What function do paneth cells perform?

Answer 8

They produce lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme, that keeps the bacterial floral numbers in check

Question 9

Which glands are only found in the duodenum? What is their function? What layer are they found?

Answer 9

Brunner’s glands (duodenal glands); produce alkaline mucous into the crypts of Lieberkuhn to help neutralize the acidic chime to protect mucous membrane and increase activity of enzymes; found in submucosa

Question 10

What is a good indicator that you are in the duodenum (hint: think glands)?

Answer 10

Will see glands in the submucosa, Brunner’s glands

Question 11

Groups of lymphatic nodules/follicles begin to appear in the lamina propria and submucosa of the ileum called what?

Answer 11

Peyer’s patches, highly basophilic and blue-colored

Question 12

Which cells overly the Peyer’s patches and what is their responsibility?

Answer 12

M cells; detect antigens

Question 13

What is a good indicator that you are looking at the ileum?

Answer 13

Presence of very dark lymphatic nodules (Peyer’s patches)

Question 14

What is the outer longitudinal smooth muscle that groups together into bands in the LI?

Answer 14

Teniae coli

Question 15

Which cells are no longer present in the crypts of Lieberkuhn of the LI and why?

Answer 15

The paneth cells; bc we want bacterial cells in LI to flourish

Question 16

What is the specific name for the absorptive cells of the LI?

Answer 16

Colonocytes

Question 17

What are 2 indicators that you are in the LI?

Answer 17

No villi and a lot of goblet cells within the mucosa

Question 18

Which structure of the LI have aggreagations of blueish lymphatic nodues? What is the nickname for this structure?

Answer 18

The vermiform appendix; the tonsil of the abdomen

Question 19

What are the 3 zones of the anal canal?

Answer 19

Colorectal, Anal Transitional, and Squamous Zones

Question 20

What is a key indicator that we have transitioned from colorectal zone to ATZ?

Answer 20

Muscularis mucosae has disappeared

Question 21

The ATZ has a mix of what kinds of epithelium?

Answer 21

Simple columnar, stratified columnar, and stratified squamous

Question 22

What is the key indicator that we have transitioned from ATZ to squamous zone?

Answer 22

Much thicker lining epithelium layer now containing only non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 23

What is the name for the area where the common bile duct and pancreatic ducts come together and then enter into the duodenum?

Answer 23

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 24

What are the endocrine glands of the pancreas known as? What is their function?

Answer 24

Islets of Langerhans; release hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 25

Which cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting digestive enzymes?

Answer 25

Pancreatic acini

Question 26

What are the ducts of the pancreas called?

Answer 26

Intercalated ducts (where inactive enzymes and bicarbonate is released)

Question 27

What are the 2 sources of blood supply to the liver?

Answer 27

1.Oxygenated blood from proper hepatic artery 2.Deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood from hepatic portal vein

Question 28

Where in the liver are oxygen, nutrients, toxins taken up by hepatocytes?

Answer 28

Liver sinusoids

Question 29

What are the phagocytic cells of the liver responsible for the breakdown of damaged or old RBC’s?

Answer 29

Kupffer cells

Question 30

Which cells in the liver store vitamin A?

Answer 30

Hepatic stellate/Ito cells

Question 31

Portal triad consists of what 3 things? Which is the biggest?

Answer 31

Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct; portal vein

Question 32

What type of cells line the bile duct?

Answer 32

Simple cuboidal

Question 33

What is the name for the area in the liver that surrounds the hepatocytes and lies between the hepatocytes and the endothelial cells?

Answer 33

Space of Disse

Question 34

Which two layers are missing in the walls of the gallbladder?

Answer 34

Muscularis mucosae and submucosa