Digestive system 1

Question 1

What are the two main jobs of the GI tract?

Answer 1

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, and the absorption of digested nutrients

Question 2

Which part of the nervous system is in charge of digestion (except for swallowing and defecation)?

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system

Question 3

What are the four layers of the GI tract wall?

Answer 3

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 4

What is unique about the muscles of the esophagus?

Answer 4

top third is made of striated voluntary muscle, bottom third is made of smooth muscle

Question 5

What is another name for the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 5

cardiac sphincter

Question 6

What is another name for the myenteric plexus?

Answer 6

Auerbach’s plexus

Question 7

What is the local mixing within regions of the GI tract?

Answer 7

segmentation

Question 8

What is the phase in swallowing where the food becomes a bolus?

Answer 8

oropharyngeal phase

Question 9

What are the three parts of the stomach?

Answer 9

fundus (top), body, pylorus (end)

Question 10

What is the sphincter that separates the stomach from the duodenum?

Answer 10

pyloric sphincter

Question 11

What are the three muscle directions in the stomach?

Answer 11

oblique, circular, and longitudinal

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for increasing peristalsis?

Answer 12

motilin

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the gastric process?

Answer 13

gastrin

Question 14

Which hormone decreases peristalsis?

Answer 14

secretin

Question 15

Which hormone inhibits the gastric process?

Answer 15

cholecystokinin

Question 16

What three things determine gastrinal motility?

Answer 16

cephalic (thought, smell), gastric stomach signals, intestinal stimulation

Question 17

What are the two things secreted in the fundus and body of the stomach?

Answer 17

HCl and pepsin

Question 18

What stimulates the production of mucus in the stomach?

Answer 18

prostaglandins

Question 19

Which artery supplies the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 19

mesenteric artery

Question 20

What parts of the small intestine digests carbs, amino acids, and fats?

Answer 20

duodenum and jejunum

Question 21

Which part of the stomach digests bile salts and B12?

Answer 21

ileum

Question 22

What is the membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdomen?

Answer 22

peritoneum

Question 23

What term means for “individual organs”?

Answer 23

visceral

Question 24

What terms means for “the whole cavity”?

Answer 24

parietal

Question 25

What is the vili's purpose?

Answer 25

to increase the surface area for absorption

Question 26

How does the absorption occur?

Answer 26

active transport, diffusion, or facilitated diffusion

Question 27

What division of the nervous system is responsible for the function of the GI tract?

Answer 27

enteric nervous system

Question 28

What are the pouches of the colon formed by contra/relax?

Answer 28

haustra

Question 29

The large intestine has no vili like the small intestine. What does it have more of instead?

Answer 29

goblet cells and mucosal folds

Question 30

Which artery supplies the large intestine?

Answer 30

mesenteric artery

Question 31

What is the beginning of the colon called?

Answer 31

cecum

Question 32

What is the part after the descending colon called?

Answer 32

sigmoid colon

Question 33

What does the large intestine reabsorb?

Answer 33

water, acids and bases

Question 34

What is the reflex that occurs when fecal mass gets passed on towards the rectum?

Answer 34

gastrocolic reflex

Question 35

What is the reflex movement of feces into the rectum and out?

Answer 35

defecation reflex (invol and vol)

Question 36

What are the three accessory organs of the GI tract?

Answer 36

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 37

What are the cells of the liver called?

Answer 37

hepatocytes

Question 38

What is the name of blood circulation that occurs around the liver?

Answer 38

hepatic portal circulation

Question 39

How does bile leave the liver?

Answer 39

through the right and left hepatic duct

Question 40

What are some functions of the liver?

Answer 40

nutrient metabolism, detoxification, store minerals and vitamins, stores blood, stimulates the clotting factor

Question 41

What is the main purpose of the gallbladder?

Answer 41

stores and concentrates bile

Question 42

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 42

to neutralize chyme, create a favourable pH, emulsify lipids

Question 43

What makes up bile?

Answer 43

bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water

Question 44

What is the by-product of the destruction of RBC?

Answer 44

bilirubin (yellow tinge)

Question 45

What are the two ducts that bring bile to the duodenum?

Answer 45

common bile duct and the cystic duct

Question 46

What is the circulation of bile around the three organs called?

Answer 46

enterohepatic circulation

Question 47

What is the digestive function of the pancreas?

Answer 47

secretion of enzymes and alkaline fluids

Question 48

What is the name of the exocrine cells of the pancreas?

Answer 48

acinar cells