Digestive System

Question 1

Name the 7 food groups.

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates.
2. Protein.
3. Fat.
4. Vitamins.
5. Minerals.
6. Fibre.
7. Water.

Question 2

Explain carbohydrates.

Answer 2

• There are 2 types of carbohydrates: sugar and starch.
• Gives us energy.
• Bread, rice, etc.

Question 3

Explain proteins.

Answer 3

• Two types: builds structures & chemical reactions.
• Needed for growth and repair.
• Nuts, chicken, etc.

Question 4

Explain fat.

Answer 4

• Made of 2 types of molecule: glycerol & fatty acids.
• Needed for insulation, protection and energy.
• Seeds, butter, etc.

Question 5

Explain vitamins.

Answer 5

• Keeps us healthy.

- Fruit & vegetables.

Question 6

Explain minerals.

Answer 6

• Two types: provide strength & help cells function properly.
• Strong bones and teeth.
• Fruit & vegetables.

Question 7

Explain fibre.

Answer 7

• Prevents constipation.

- Beans, lentils, etc.

Question 8

Explain water.

Answer 8

• Needed for transport, sweat and cell structure.

- Accounts for 60% of your body mass.

Question 9

Define “deficiency disease”.

Answer 9

Diseases that occur when we don’t eat enough of an essential nutrient.

Question 10

Name the disease that matches each food group:

1. Protein - ___________.
2. Fat - __________.
3. Carbohydrates - __________.
4. Vitamin A - _______ ___________.
5. Vitamin C - ________.
6. Minerals (Iron) - ________.
7. Minerals (Calcium) - ________.

Answer 10

1. Protein - Kwashiorkor.
2. Fat - Anorexic.
3. Carbohydrates - Fatigue.
4. Vitamin A - Night blindness.
5. Vitamin C - Scurvy.
6. Minerals (Iron) - Anaemia.
7. Minerals (Calcium) - Rickets.

Question 11

Explain each part of the digestive system.

1. Mouth.
2. Oesophagus.
3. Stomach.
4. Liver.
5. Gallbladder.
6. Pancreas.
7. Small intestine.
8. Large intestine.
9. Rectum.
10. Anus

Answer 11

1. The 1st part of the digestive system, where food enters the body. (mechanical and chemical digestion).
2. The long tube between mount and stomach. Food moves through it by peristalsis.
3. Sack-like, muscular organ that is attached to oesophagus. When food enters stomach, it’s churned with lots of acid.
4. A large organ that makes bile that neutralises stomach acid. Detoxifies blood and helps break down fat.
5. A small sac below the liver. Store an releases bile into the small intestine.
6. A gland below the stomach which makes lots of enzymes that help break down food.
7. Long, thin, winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the stomach. Digests food.
8. The shorter, wider tube that follows the small intestine. Re-absorbs water.
9. Lower late if the lower intestine, where faeces are stored, before it leaves the body.
10. The opening at the end of the digestive system, from which faeces leaves the body.

Question 12

What are enzymes?

Answer 12

Our food is made up of very long chains. They are locked together. Enzymes are keys that unlock theses long chains and break them into smaller pieces.