Digestive System

Question 1

Consists of a group of organs that break down the food into we eat into smaller molecules that can be used by body cells.

Answer 1

Digestive System

Question 2

Continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal Tract or Alimentary Canal

Question 3

This process involves taking foods and liquids into the mouth (eating).

Answer 3

Ingestion

Question 4

Cells within the walls of the GI tract and accessory digestive organs secrete a total of about 7 liters of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen (interior space) of the tract.

Answer 4

Secretion

Question 5

Alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract mix food and secretions and move them toward the anus.

Answer 5

Motility

Question 6

This capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length is called _______.

Answer 6

Motility

Question 7

______ is the process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by body cells.

Answer 7

Digestion

Question 8

The movement of the products of digestion from the lumen of the GI tract into blood or lymph is called _______.

Answer 8

Absorption

Question 9

Wastes, indigestible substances, bacteria, cells sloughed from the lining of the GI tract, and digested materials that were not absorbed in their journey through the digestive tract leave the body through the anus in a process called ________.

Answer 9

Defecation

Question 10

The eliminated material is termed _________.

Answer 10

Feces or stool

Question 11

Regions of the digestive system can be divided into two main parts:

Answer 11

Alimentary tract and accessory organs

Question 12

Length in the living: 5-7 meters; cadaver length: 7-9 meters

Answer 12

Gastrointestinal Tract or Alimentary Canal

Question 13

include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Answer 13

Accessory Digestive Organs

Question 14

Alimentary Tract of the Digestive System

Answer 14

mouth
pharynx and esophagus
stomach
small and large intestine

Question 14

Alimentary Tract of the Digestive System

Answer 14

Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 15

The innermost tunic of the wall of digestive tract.

Answer 15

Mucosa or mucous membrane

Question 16

It lines the lumen of the digestive tract.

Answer 16

Mucosa

Question 17

The mucosa consists of epithelium, an underlying loose connective tissue layer called __________, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the ________.

Answer 17

lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

Question 18

A thick layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds the mucosa.

Answer 18

Submucosa

Question 19

This layer also contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Answer 19

Submucosa

Question 20

Glands may be embedded in this layer of digestive tract.

Answer 20

Submucosa

Question 21

These layers of smooth muscle are used for peristalsis (rhythmic waves of contraction), to move food down through the gut.

Answer 21

Muscular layer

Question 22

Outermost layer of loose connective tissue - covered by the visceral peritoneum.

Answer 22

Serous layer or serosa

Question 23

Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

Answer 23

Serous layer or serosa

Question 24

also referred to as the oral or buccal cavity, is formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue.

Answer 24

Mouth

Question 25

The first part of the digestive tract.

Answer 25

Mouth

Question 26

It is adapted to receive food by ingestion, break it into small particles by mastication, and mix it with saliva.

Answer 26

Mouth

Question 27

Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity.

Answer 27

Cheeks

Question 28

They are covered externally by skin and internally by a mucous membrane, which consists of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer 28

Cheeks

Question 29

fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.

Answer 29

Lips or labia

Question 30

They contain the orbicularis oris muscle and are covered externally by skin and internally by a mucous membrane.

Answer 30

Lips or labia

Question 31

The inner surface of each lip is attached to its corresponding gum by a midline fold of mucous membrane called the _______.

Answer 31

labial frenulum

Question 32

The roof of the oral cavity.

Answer 32

Palate

Question 33

accessory digestive organs located in sockets of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae

Answer 33

teeth

Question 34

there are ____ teeth in a complete permanent (secondary) set

Answer 34

32

Question 35

a complete set of deciduous (primary teeth contains _____ teeth

Answer 35

20

Question 36

two dentitions, or set of teeth

Answer 36

deciduous and permanent

Question 37

primary teeth, milk teeth, or baby teeth

Answer 37

deciduous

Question 38

teeth that erupt between age 6 & adulthood

Answer 38

permanent

Question 39

contains 20 teeth

Answer 39

deciduous

Question 40

erupt at about 6 months of age (approximately 2 teeth appear each month until all 20 are present).

Answer 40

deciduous

Question 41

closest to the midline; chisel-shaped & adapted for cutting into food and referred to as either central/lateral incisors based on their position

Answer 41

Incisors

Question 42

have a pointed surface called a cusp; used to tear & shred food

Answer 42

Canines

Question 43

contains 32 teeth

Answer 43

permanent

Question 44

Erupt between age 6 and adulthood

Answer 44

permanent

Question 45

a funnel-shaped tube that extends from the internal nares to the esophagus posteriorly and to the larynx anteriorly

Answer 45

pharynx

Question 46

composed of skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane

Answer 46

pharynx

Question 47

also known as labia

Answer 47

lips

Question 48

The __________ is a collapsible muscular tube that serves as a passageway between the pharynx and stomach.

Answer 48

esophagus

Question 49

It receives food from the esophagus, is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.

Answer 49

stomach

Question 50

Four different types of cells that make up the gastric glands:

Answer 50

mucous cells parietal cells chief cells endocrine cells

Question 51

It extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve, where it empties into the large intestine.

Answer 51

small intestine

Question 52

It finishes the process of digestion, absorbs the nutrients, and passes the residue on to the large intestine.

Answer 52

small intestine

Question 53

What accessory organs of the digestive system that are closely associated with the small intestine?

Answer 53

liver gallbladder pancreas

Question 54

It is larger in diameter than the small intestine

Answer 54

large intestine

Question 55

It begins at the ileocecal junction, where the ileum enters the large intestine, and ends at the anus.

Answer 55

large intestine

Question 56

It consists of the colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 56

large intestine

Question 57

It produces no digestive enzymes

Answer 57

large intestine

Question 58

It has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Answer 58

Pancreas

Question 59

It include anylase, trypsin, peptidase, and lipase.

Answer 59

Pancreatic enzymes

Question 60

It is controlled by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin.

Answer 60

Pancreatic secretion

Question 61

It is a pear-shaped sac that is attached to the visceral surface of the liver by the cystic duct.

Answer 61

Gallbladder

Question 62

What is the principal function of the gallbladder?

Answer 62

It serves as a storage reservoir for bile.

Question 63

It is a yellowish-green fluid produced by liver cells.

Answer 63

Bile

Question 64

What are the main components of Bile?

Answer 64

Water bile salts bile pigments cholesterol

Question 65

It act as emulsifying agents in the digestion and absorption of fats.

Answer 65

Bile salts

Question 66

From the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted from the body in the bile.

Answer 66

Cholesterol and bile pigments

Question 67

It is located primarily in the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions of the abdomen, just beneath the diaphragm.

Answer 67

Liver

Question 68

The largest gland in the body

Answer 68

Liver

Question 69

Three pairs of major salivary glands:

Answer 69

Parotid Submandibular Sublingual glands