Digestive System Flashcards
Absorption
Process which digested nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream
Active transport
Process which materials using energy supply the cell, are moved across a membrane. Also called passive transport
Amino acids
Building blocks of proteins
Amylase
A digestive enzyme that breaks down starch
ATP
An organic chemical in which energy is stored and from which energy is released to meet the body’s needs.
Benedict’s solution
Chemical indicator when added turns blue to light green to red in the pretense of increasing concentrations of sugar
Calorie
A unit of heat energy. c means amount of energy required to raise the temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. C means amount of water of 1000 for 1 degree Celsius
Carbohydrate
One of the basic food types, may be in starch sugar or fiber. Found in cereals breads, or veggies
Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it passes into the small intestine.
Diffusion
Process by which molecules move from places where they are more concentrated to places where they are less concentrated. Form of passive transport
Duodenum
First 25 centimeters of small intestine. WHERE MOST CHEMICAL DIGESTION OCCURS
Energy
Ability to perform work
Enzyme
A protein capable of speeding up chemical reaction.
Fats
One of three basic food types. Found in oil and daily products. Tissue that provides a cushion for various body parts, insulates body, and stores energy into a concentrated form.
Feces
Solid wastes in the large intestine that are expelled from the body during bowel movements
Fiber
An indigestible carb such as cellulose that stimulates peristalsis in the intestine.
Gastric juice
A liquid that includes hydrochloric acid and pepsin and that is responsible for the chemical digestion of protein in stomach.
Hydrochloride acid (HCI)
A component of gastric juice that helps create environment that pepsin needs to break down protein in the stomach.
Indicator
Substance that changes in some way to indicate the presence of another substance. Examples include Benedict’s solution and Lugo solution.
Lugol solution
A yellow-brown indicator that turns blue-black when it comes into contact with starch.
Mucus
A thick, sticky substance that lines and protects the inner walls of the digestive organs. Facilitates the passage of food through the digestive tract and helps protect the walls of the digestive tract from being digested.
Pepsin
An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein.
Peristalsis
Regular muscular contractions that moved food through the digestive tract.
Proteins
One of the three basic food types; needed for building for building tissue in body.
