Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 1

It breaks down starches

Question 2

What is the function of lipase?

Answer 2

Breaks downs lipids (fats)

Question 3

What do parietal cells make

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

5 stages of digestion (in order)

Answer 4

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Contraction
5. Excretion/defecation

Question 5

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 5

Physical breakdown of food into smaller particles

Question 6

What is chemical digestion

Answer 6

A series of hydrolysis reactions that break down molecules into monomers

Question 7

Polysaccharides are turned into..

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

Proteins are turned into..

Answer 8

Amino acids

Question 9

Lipids are turned into..

Answer 9

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

Question 10

Nucleic acids are turned into..

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

What is motility

Answer 11

Muscular contractions that break up and propel food

Question 12

What is secretion

Answer 12

The release of digestive enzymes

Question 13

What is membrane transport

Answer 13

Absorbs nutrients and transfer them to blood and lymph

Question 14

What are the two subdivisions of the digestive system

Answer 14

Digestive tract and accessory organs

Question 15

What is the digestive tract also called?

Answer 15

Alimentary canal

Question 16

How big is the digestive tract

Answer 16

30 ft long, from the mouth to anus

Question 17

What does the digestive system consist of (in order)

Answer 17

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large intestines
Rectum
Anus

Question 18

What does the accessory organs consist of

Answer 18

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 19

What are the tissue layers of the GI tract

Answer 19

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

Question 20

What does the mucosa layer consist of

Answer 20

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
MALT

Question 21

What does the submucosa layer consist of

Answer 21

Blood and lymphatic vessels
Nerve plexus
Glands

Question 22

What does the muscularis externa layer consist of

Answer 22

Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer

Question 23

What does the serous layer consist of

Answer 23

Areolar tissue or mesothelium

Question 24

What is the function of the enteric nervous control

Answer 24

Regulates digestive tract mobility, secretion and blood flow

Question 25

What two nerve networks make up the enteric nervous control

Answer 25

Submucosal plexus Myentric plexus

Question 26

Where is the submucosal plexus found

Answer 26

In submucosa

Question 27

Where is the myentric plexus found

Answer 27

Between the two layers of the muscularis externa

Question 28

Function of the submucosal plexus

Answer 28

Controls glandular secretion of mucosa and the movement of muscularis mucosae

Question 29

Function of the myentric plexus

Answer 29

Controls peristalsis and contractions of the muscularis externa

Question 30

What is the peritonium

Answer 30

Serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesentaries and viscera

Question 31

What does the dorsal mesentary form

Answer 31

Suspends GI tract and forms serosa

Question 32

What does the ventral mesentary form

Answer 32

Forms lesser and greater omentum

Question 33

Function of mesentary

Answer 33

Attaches stomach to liver

Question 34

Function of greater

Answer 34

Lines intestines like an apron

Question 35

What does the mesentary of small intestines do

Answer 35

Holds back blood vessels

Question 36

What does the mesocolon do

Answer 36

Anchors colon to posterior body wall

Question 37

What are the motility and digestion of the digestive tract controlled by

Answer 37

Neural, hormonal and paracrine mechanisms

Question 38

What are the two automatic reflexes of neural control

Answer 38

Myentric (short) and vagovagal (long) reflexes

Question 39

What is the myentric reflex of neural control

Answer 39

Swallowing

Question 40

What are the vagovagal reflexes of neural control

Answer 40

Parasympathetic stimulation of digestive motility and secretion

Question 41

What two hormones are secreted into the bloodstream

Answer 41

Gastrin and secretin

Question 42

What do hormones secreted into the bloodstream do?

Answer 42

Stimulate distant parts of the digestive tract

Question 43

What is the function of paracrine secretions

Answer 43

diffuse through tissue fluid and stimulate nearby cells