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A&P II > Urinary and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Urinary and Respiratory System Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Urinary System: Function

A

Rids body of waste products
Associated with reproductive system

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2
Q

Kidney: Function

A

Filter blood
Excrete metabolic waste
Regulate electrolytes
Secrete erythropoieten
Regulate calcium levels

Example: Britta water filter
The kidney is the filter, it excretes the waste like a britta and secretes erythropoietin

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3
Q

Urea

A

By product of protein metabolism

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4
Q

Uric Acid

A

Nucleic acid catabolism

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5
Q

Normal amount of blood urea

A

10-20 mg/dL

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6
Q

Azotemia

A

Renal insufficiency. Increase of nitrogenous wastes in blood

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7
Q

Uremia

A

Toxic effects as wastes accumulate

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8
Q

Creatinine

A

Product of creatine phosphate catabolism

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9
Q

What four body systems carry out excretion

A

Respitory, integumentary, digestive, urinary

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10
Q

What does the urinary system excrete

A

metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+, water

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11
Q

What does the respiratory system excrete

A

Co2, small amount of other gases, water

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12
Q

CT coverings of the kidney

A

Renal fascia
Adipose Perirenal Capsule
Renal Fibrous Capsule

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13
Q

Renal Fascia of kidney

A

Binds the kidney to abdominal wall

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14
Q

Adipose Perirenal capsule of kidney

A

Cushions, supports and holds kidney in place

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15
Q

Renal Fibrous capsule

A

Surrounds kidney and protects from trauma and infections

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16
Q

Renal Cortex

A

Superficial portion of kidney in contact with renal capsule

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17
Q

Renal Medulla

A

Renal pyramids->Renal Papilla->Minor Calyx->Major calyx->renal pelvis->ureter

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18
Q

Renal Columns

A

bands of cortical tissue separating renal pyramids

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19
Q

Lobe of kidney

A

one pyramid and overlying cortex

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20
Q

Renal Nerves

A

Innervate kidneys and ureters
Enter at Hilum

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21
Q

Sympathetic Innervation

A

Adjusts rate of urine formation
stimulates release of rennin

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22
Q

Nephrons are found where

A

beginning of each renal lobe

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23
Q

How many nephrons are in a kidney

A

1.2 million

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24
Q

Renal corpuscle: Function

A

Filters blood plasma

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25
Glomerular/Bowmans capsule structure
Simple squamous epithelium parietal layer : outer visceral layer : inner capsular space : separates the two layers of capsule
26
Renal tube function
coverts filtrate to urine PCT, nephron loop DCT
27
Proximal convoluted tubule PCT: Structure and function
Leaves glomerular capsule simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
28
Nephron loop: Structure and function
Thick segment: Simple Cuboidal transports salts Thin Segment: Simple Squamous Water permeable
29
Distal Convoluted tubule DCT: Structure and function
Cuboidal, minimal microvilli end of nephron
30
Collecting Duct
Receives fluid from DCTS
31
Flow of fluid
glomerular capsule > PCT > nephron loop > DCT > collecting duct > renal papilla (papillary duct) > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder > urethra
32
Cortical Nephrons
short nephron loops
33
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
long nephron loops
34
3 main components: Urine Formation
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular re-absorption and secretion 3. Water conservation
35
Blood plasma to urine: 4 stages
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular re-absorption 3. Tubular secretion 4. Water conservation
36
Fenestrated endothelium
small enough to block blood cells from filtration
37
basement membrane
protoglyen cell blocks larger molecules
38
filtration slits
podocyte cell extensions of the visceral layer of the glomeruler capsule wrap around capilleries to form 30nm filtration slits
39
Filtration pressures
blood hydrostatic pressure (fluid pressure) and colloid osmotic pressure (material pressure)
40
Glomerular filtration: Blood Hydrostatic pressure
BHP: 60 mm Hg
41
Glomerular filtration: In capsular space
CP: 18 mm Hg
42
Glomerular filtration: Colloid Osmotic Pressure
COP: 32 mm Hg
43
GFR
filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys+
44
Density of urine
1.001 to1.028 g/mL
45
pH—range: Urine
4.5 to 8.2, usually 6.0 (mildly acidic)
46
Urine volume
1-2L/day
47
Polyuria
output in excess of 2 L/day
48
Oliguria
output of less than 500 mL/day
49
Anuria
0 to 100 mL/day
50
Female Urethra
3-4cm long
51
Male Urethra
18cm long
52
Respiratory System
53
Respiration function
Olfactory Gas exchange communication acid base balance
54
Conduction division
Air flow only
55
Respiratory division
consists of alveoli
56
Nasal
Psuetostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
57
Nasopharynx
psuetostratified columnar epithelium
58
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium
59
Larynx
keep food and drink out of airways sound production
60
glottis
vocal cords and superior opening
61
epiglottis
flap of tissue that guards glottis
62
Bronchial Tree
primary/main bronchi secondary/lobar bronchi teritary/segmental bronchi bronchiales alveoli
63
right lung
3 lobes
64
left lung
2 lobes
65
atmospheric pressure
760 mm/Hg
66
Boyles Law
the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to it’s volume

A&P II (2 decks)

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