Digestive System

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Taking in of nutrients

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Breakdown of nutrients into smaller complexes

Question 3

Nutrients

Answer 3

Organic compounds

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

Nutrients move from gastric intestinal track to the blood

Question 5

Lymph system

Answer 5

Blood area

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

Cells absorb substances they need
Amino acids and glycerol
Build their own macromolecules

Question 7

Egestion

Answer 7

Removal of materials that are not absorbed

Question 8

The digestive system consists of 2 groups

Answer 8

Gl track
Accessory organs

Question 9

Accessory organs

Answer 9

Do not touch food but needed for digestion

Question 10

Digestive track also known as

Answer 10

Alimentary canal

Question 11

Digestive track

Answer 11

Open ended muscular tube around 6.5m to 9m long in adults

Question 12

Mouth

Answer 12

Mechanical digestion, physical break down of food

Question 13

Teeth

Answer 13

Perform Mechanical digestion
Increase surface area of food for enzymes

Question 14

Tongue

Answer 14

For chewing and swallowing
Mixes food with saliva
Rolls food into balls

Question 15

Bolus

Answer 15

Ball like structures the tongue rolls into

Question 16

Exocrine gland

Answer 16

Secrete substance to the surface of the body or lumen of the gut

Question 17

Saliva gland

Answer 17

Contains an enzyme amylase, begins starch (amylose) digestion into maltose (disaccharide)
Uses chemical digestion with hydrolysis
Contains dummy mucus

Question 18

Parynx

Answer 18

Where mouth and nose joins
Where you give pushes bolus and it is is swallowed

Question 19

Epiglottis

Answer 19

A flap that prevents food from entering the trachea, guides food into the esophagus, so you don’t choke

Question 20

Trachea

Answer 20

Wind pipe

Question 21

Esophagus

Answer 21

25cm long tube made of smooth muscle, secretes mucus
Moves food via peristalsis,
Involuntary
No digestion occurs

Question 22

Peristalsis

Answer 22

Contractions of circular and longitudinal mussels that push the bolus to the stomach

Question 23

Stomach Ph

Answer 23

Ph2

Question 24

Stomach

Answer 24

Digestive organ beneath diaphragm on left side of the abdomen
Site of mechanical and chemical digestion
Takes 1-6h

Question 25

Stomach sphincters

Answer 25

Circular muscles that regulates passage of material

Question 26

Cardiacs sphincter

Answer 26

Controls opening to the stomach from esophagus

Question 27

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 27

Regulates the movement of foods and stomach acids entering small intestines

Question 28

Stomach sphincter 2 types

Answer 28

Cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter

Question 29

Rugae

Answer 29

Folds in the inner wall of the stomach Has gastric glands that release 400-800ml of gastric juice per meal

Question 30

Gastrin

Answer 30

Hormone produced In Cell of stomach when food enters it

Question 31

Gastric juice released by

Answer 31

Nervous system control Hormone control Pepsin

Question 32

Envious system control

Answer 32

Released when you see or smell food Or When food actually reaches stomach

Question 33

Hormonal control

Answer 33

Gastrin travels to target cells

Question 34

Pepsin

Answer 34

Active form of pepsinogen HCL converts pepsinogen to pepsin which hydrolyze proteins to peptides

Question 35

Is pepsin a peptidase

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

mucous

Answer 36

thick basic coating which covers the stomach lining and protects it from HCI &pepsin

Question 37

rennin

Answer 37

secreted as prorenin and activated by HCI to rennin, and digest milk in children, works in a basic environment

Question 38

chyme

Answer 38

name of food in semi-liquid form

Question 39

ulcer

Answer 39

formed when the stomach itself is digested by gastric juice

Question 40

small intestine

Answer 40

continue contractions of circular and longitudinal muscles which mix food and enzymes

Question 41

accessory organs

Answer 41

liver, gall bladder and pancreas, never come in contact with food

Question 42

pancreas

Answer 42

releases bicarbonate ions which raise pH to 9 by buffering the HCl

Question 43

Lipid digestion

Answer 43

pancreas secrete lipases into the SI which digests lipids

Question 44

liver and gall bladder

Answer 44

bile salts produced in the liver from surplus cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder lipids present in the duodenum release a hormone that triggers the release of bile salts

Question 45

bile

Answer 45

made of water, cholesterol, and pigments

Question 46

Liver

Answer 46

all nutrients absorbed into the capillaries of the small intestine are first brought to the liver to regulate nutrient levels

Question 47

large intestine

Answer 47

moves food via peristalsis

Question 48

appendix

Answer 48

vestigial organ with no apparent function

Question 49

bacteria

Answer 49

synthesize B12 and K

Question 50

cellous

Answer 50

from plant materials we eat provides bulk in colon to promote a bowel movement

Question 51

rectum

Answer 51

temporary feces storage area, when full, signals are sent to the brain --> BM time

Question 52

Anus

Answer 52

opening where solid waste is eliminated from the body, one involuntary and one voluntary

Question 53

Villi

Answer 53

Finger like projections found in small intestine Increase SA of epithelium by 10x

Question 54

Microvilli

Answer 54

Have I folding of cell membranes Further increase SA

Question 55

Does villi have different methods of membranes transport to absorb nutrients

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

Capillary network

Answer 56

Tiny blood vessels where carbohydrates, vitamins, Iona, and amino acids are absorbed

Question 57

Lacteals

Answer 57

Interwined with lymph vessels, where lipid monomers are absorbed

Question 58

Serosa

Answer 58

Protective outer covering of connective tissue

Question 59

Muscle layer

Answer 59

Outer layer of longitudinal muscle and inner layer of circular muscle

Question 60

Submicosa

Answer 60

Composed of connective tissue separating the muscle layer from inner mucosa

Question 61

Mucosa

Answer 61

Highly folded inner layer which absorbs material from the intestinal lumen