Digestive System

Question 1

consists of a group of organs that break down the food we eat into smaller molecules that can be used by body cells

Answer 1

Digestive System

Question 2

2 GROUPS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 2

• Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
• Accessory Digestive System

Question 3

continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus through the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Answer 3

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract/ Alimentary Canal

Question 4

GI TRACT INCLUDES?

Answer 4

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Question 5

How long is GI tract

Answer 5

5-7 meters
7-9 in cadavers

Question 6

food is masticated and converted into a bolus by insalivation

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

are the organs of swallowing

Answer 7

Pharynx and Esophagus

Question 8

digestive process begins

Answer 8

Stomach

Question 9

digestive process is completed

Answer 9

Small intestine

Question 10

an organ of egestion and water absorption that terminates at the anus.

Answer 10

Large Intestine

Question 11

Accessory Digestive System include the:

Answer 11

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 12

aid in the physical breakdown of food

Answer 12

teeth

Question 13

assists in chewing and swallowing.

Answer 13

tongue

Question 14

FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

Answer 14

Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation

Question 15

taking food into mouth.

Answer 15

ingestion

Question 16

release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into lumen of GI tract.

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

churning and movement of food through GI tract.

Answer 17

mixing and propulsion

Question 18

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Answer 18

digestion

Question 19

2 types of digestion

Answer 19

Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

Question 20

churns food

Answer 20

mechanical digestion

Question 21

hydrolysis

Answer 21

chemical digestion

Question 22

passage of digested products from GI tract into blood and lymph.

Answer 22

absorption

Question 23

elimination of feces from GI tract.

Answer 23

defecation

Question 24

LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT FROM INNER TO OUTER

Answer 24

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Mucosae
Serosa

Question 25

Mucosa is composed of:

Answer 25

(1)layer of epithelium in direct contact with the contents of the GI tract (2)layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria (3)a thin layer of smooth muscle (muscularis mucosae).

Question 26

protection, secretion, absorption

Answer 26

epithelum

Question 27

epithelium in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal is mainly

Answer 27

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 28

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that serves a

Answer 28

protective function.

Question 29

Simple columnar epithelium function as

Answer 29

secretion and absorption, lines the stomach and intestines.

Question 30

firmly seal neighboring simple columnar epithelial cells to one another restrict leakage between the cells.

Answer 30

Tight junction

Question 31

secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen of the tract

Answer 31

exocrine cells

Question 32

secrete hormones

Answer 32

enteroendocrine cells

Question 33

areolar connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels

Answer 33

lamina propria

Question 34

routes by which nutrients absorbed into the GI tract reach the other tissues of the body.

Answer 34

lamina propria

Question 35

supports the epithelium and binds it to the muscularis mucosae

Answer 35

lamina propria

Question 36

prominent lymphatic nodules contain immune system cells that protect against disease.

Answer 36

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHATIC TISSUE (MALT)

Question 37

throws the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine into many small folds, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption.

Answer 37

Muscularis mucosae

Question 38

consists of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis.

Answer 38

submucosa

Question 39

located in the submucosa is an extensive network of neurons known as

Answer 39

submucosal plexus

Question 40

contains skeletal muscle that produces voluntary swallowing.

Answer 40

Muscularis

Question 41

permits voluntary control of defecation.

Answer 41

external anal sphincter

Question 42

Throughout the rest of the tract, the muscularis consists of smooth muscle that is generally found in two sheets:

Answer 42

inner sheet of circular fibers and an outer sheet of longitudinal fibers.

Question 43

help break down food, mix it with digestive secretions, and propel it along the tract.

Answer 43

Involuntary contractions of the smooth muscle

Question 44

Between the layers of the muscularis is a second plexus of neurons, the

Answer 44

myenteric plexus

Question 45

Those portions of the GI tract that are suspended in the abdominal cavity have a superficial layer called

Answer 45

serosa

Question 46

serosa is a serous membrane composed of

Answer 46

areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium).

Question 47

esophagus lacks a

Answer 47

serosa

Question 48

Intrinsic set of nerves “brain of the gut”

Answer 48

enteric nervous system

Question 49

The neurons of the ENS are arranged into two plexuses:

Answer 49

1.Myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach) 2.Submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner

Question 50

located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis and GI tract motility

Answer 50

Myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach)

Question 51

- found within the submucosa. - controlling secretions

Answer 51

Submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner

Question 52

The wall of the GI tract contains two major types of sensory receptors:

Answer 52

chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Question 53

respond to certain chemicals in the food present in the lumen

Answer 53

chemoreceptors

Question 54

activated when food distends (stretches) the wall of a GI organ.

Answer 54

mechanoreceptors

Question 55

Extrinsic set of nerves

Answer 55

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 56

increases secretion and activity by stimulating ENS

Answer 56

Parasympathetic stimulation

Question 57

decreases secretions and activity by inhibiting ENS

Answer 57

Sympathetic stimulation

Question 58

supply parasympathetic fibers to most parts of the GI tract

Answer 58

vagus (X) nerves

Question 59

supply the GI tract form neural connections with the ENS.

Answer 59

parasympathetic nerves

Question 60

largest serous membrane of the body

Answer 60

Peritoneum

Question 61

Peritoneum is divided into:

Answer 61

Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum

Question 61

Peritoneum consists of a layer of

Answer 61

simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

Question 62

lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

Answer 62

Parietal peritoneum

Question 62

covers some of the organs in the cavity and is their serosa

Answer 62

Visceral peritoneum

Question 63

5 MAJOR PERITONEAL FOLDS:

Answer 63

Greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon

Question 64

-longest peritoneal fold -folds back on itself, giving it a total of four layers. -contains a considerable amount of adipose tissue.

Answer 64

Greater omentum

Question 65

contribute macrophages and antibody-producing plasma cells that help combat and contain infections of the GI tract.

Answer 65

lymph nodes

Question 66

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

Answer 66

Falciform ligament

Question 67

only digestive organ that is attached to the anterior abdominal wall.

Answer 67

liver