Digestive system

Question 1

Liver function (1)

Answer 1

Process nutrients in blood (ex: glucose)

Question 2

Liver function (2)

Answer 2

Makes blood proteins

Question 3

Liver function (3)

Answer 3

Stores fat-soluble vitamins

Question 4

Liver function (4)

Answer 4

Metabolizes poisons and drugs

Question 5

Liver function (5)

Answer 5

Produces bile

Question 6

What are liver functions performed by?

Answer 6

Hepatocytes

Question 7

What is bile made up of?

Answer 7

Cholesterol, bile salts, bilirubin

Question 8

What are biles functions?

Answer 8

Excrete bilirubin, emulsify fat

Question 9

Where do the vessels in your upper right abdomen connect?

Answer 9

On visceral side (posterior)

Question 10

Hepatic veins

Answer 10

Carry blood away, back to heart

Question 11

Porta hepatis

Answer 11

Region where other vessels connect to liver

Question 12

Common hepatic duct

Answer 12

Carries bile OUT of liver

Question 13

Hepatic arteries

Answer 13

Blood with oxygen FROM lungs INTO liver

Question 14

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 14

Going INTO liver

Question 15

Where do sugars and amino acids absorbed by blood capillaries go?

Answer 15

Directly into liver via hepatic portal vein

Question 16

Where do lipids absorbed by lacteals of lymphatic system go?

Answer 16

Bypass liver and enter blood of veins near heart

Question 17

Liver lobules

Answer 17

Hexagonal unit with plates of hepatocytes

Question 18

What does each lobule contain?

Answer 18

Central vein, portal triad, liver sinusoids, and bile canaliculi

Question 19

Central vein

Answer 19

Delivers blood to hepatic veins

Question 20

Portal triad

Answer 20

Group of 3 vessels (portal arteriole, portal venule, bile duct)

Question 21

Portal arteriole

Answer 21

Branch of hepatic artery that supplies oxygen to liver cells

Question 22

Portal venule

Answer 22

Branch of hepatic portal vein that brings nutrients from digestive tract to storage and processing

Question 23

Bile duct

Answer 23

Carries bile from hepatocytes out of liver

Question 24

Liver sinusoids

Answer 24

Leaky capillaries that help blood get to central vein

Question 25

How do liver sinusoids work?

Answer 25

Plasma flows onto hepatocytes by way of fenestrations and also contains hepatic macrophages

Question 26

Bile canaliculi

Answer 26

Between hepatocytes (bile getting to bile duct)

Question 27

Jaundice

Answer 27

Yellowing of the skin and mucosae

Question 28

What causes jaundice?

Answer 28

Due to excess bilirubin through body tissues, liver failure, hepatitis

Question 29

Pathway of blood (heart)

Answer 29

Heart to hepatic artery to portal arteriole to sinusoid to central vein to hepatic vein

Question 30

Pathway of blood (intestines etc.)

Answer 30

Intestines etc. to hepatic portal vein to portal venule to sinusoid to central vein to hepatic vein

Question 31

What surface of the liver is the gallbladder on?

Answer 31

Visceral/posterior surface

Question 32

What are functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 32

Stores and concentrates bile, releases bile to duodenum when stimulated

Question 33

Is the gallbladder essential for survival?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

What is the pathway of bile flow in gallbladder in between meals?

Answer 34

Liver to bile ducts to common hepatic duct to common bile duct to cystic duct to gallbladder

Question 35

What is the pathway of bile flow in gladder when stored bile is released to emulsify fats?

Answer 35

Gallbladder to cystic duct to common bile duct to duodenum

Question 36

Gallstones

Answer 36

Mainly cholesterol crystals

Question 37

What takes over the storage function if the gallbladder is removed?

Answer 37

Common bile duct

Question 38

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 38

Posterior to stomach

Question 39

Pancreatic duct

Answer 39

Empties into lumen of duodenum

Question 40

Pancreas function (1)

Answer 40

Exocrine secretions are released into lumen of duodenum

Question 41

Which cells secrete most of the body's digestive enzymes?

Answer 41

Acinar cells

Question 42

What does the epithelium of small ducts do?

Answer 42

Secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 43

Pancreas function (2)

Answer 43

Endocrine secretions are released into blood

Question 44

What do pancreatic islet cells do?

Answer 44

Secrete insulin and glucagon

Question 45

What are insulin and glucagon?

Answer 45

Hormones controlling storage of glucose and its release into the blood

Question 46

Where is somewhere insulin and glucagon might do this?

Answer 46

Liver