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Biology 12 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

these finger-like projections increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine

A

Villi

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2
Q

A lump of chewed food that moves into the stomach

A

Bolus

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3
Q

this organ produces bile

A

liver

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4
Q

an enzyme that breaks the subunits of DNA and RNA into a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

A

Nucleotidase

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5
Q

the inactive form of the enzyme trypsin

A

Trypsinogen

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6
Q

_______ gets broken down into amino acids in the digestive system

A

Protein

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7
Q

a small, finger-like projection located at the junction of the small and large intestines, which is believed to store bacteria that are important to the proper functioning of the digestive system

A

Appendix

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8
Q

a small capillary of the lymphatic system, found in the villi, which absorbs fat

A

Lacteal

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9
Q

an enzyme that works in the duodenum to digest maltose

A

maltase

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10
Q

________ juice contains HCL and pepsin

A

gastric

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10
Q

______________ digestion is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system

A

Chemical

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11
Q

____________ gets digested into glycerol and fatty acids in the digestive system

A

Fats

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12
Q

this substance lines the stomach to protect it from damage from the stomach contents

A

mucus

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12
Q

this substance is broken down by bile

A

fat

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12
Q

bile works to __________ fats, separating large drops into tiny droplets

A

Emulsify

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12
Q

the _______ duct carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum

A

common bile

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12
Q

folds in the wall of the stomach

A

Rugae

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12
Q

the ________ sphincter regulates the amount of chyme which is passed from the stomach to the duodenum

A

Pyloric

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13
Q

The tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

the esophagus and intestines move food along their lengths using rhythmic muscle contractions called

A

peristalsis

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15
Q

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen to increase blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

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16
Q

this structure is responsible for the absorption of water after the digestive process is complete

A

large intestine

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17
Q

a substance produced by the liver used in digestion

A

bile

17
Q

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood by cells

A

Insulin

18
Q

tiny finger-like projections on the villi which further increase the surface area of the small intestine

A

Ville

19
Q

a large sac in which the digestion of protein begins

A

stomach

20
Q

an enzyme which breaks down the disaccharide found in cow’s milk

A

lactase

20
Q

a region at the back of the throat where the mouth, nasal cavity, and top of the esophagus all meet

A

Nasopharynx

21
Q

this structure is responsible for both the digestion and absorption of food nutrients

A

small intestine

22
Q

an enzyme which works in the small intestine to digest peptides

A

peptidase

23
Q

an enzyme which acts in the duodenum to break down starch

A

pancreatic amylase

24
Q

a flap of skin which covers the internal nares during swalloing

A

Uvula

25
Q

This organ secretes serveral enzymes into the small intestine

A

pancreas

26
Q

How many anal sphincters does the average human have?

A

2

27
Q

The _________ vein takes nutrient-rich blood from the capillaries surrounding the small intestine to the liver

A

Hepatic portal

28
Q

Carbs and protein are absorbed into the _______ system of the body

A

Circulatory

29
Q

feces is eliminated through this opening in the body

A

Rectum

30
Q

fats are absorbed into the __________ system of the body

A

lymphatic

31
Q

salivary _______ breaks down starch into maltose in the mouth

A

amylase

32
Q

the first 25-30 cm of the small intestine. Much of the chemical digestion of food occurs here

A

Duodenum

33
Q

Another name for the large intestine

A

Colon

34
Q

______________ digestion is carried out by the teeth, tongue, and stomach

A

Mechanical

35
Q

_____________ juice contains many enzymes, including trypsinogen, lipase, and amylase

A

pancreatic

36
Q

the inactive form of the enzyme pepsin

A

pepsinogen

37
Q

the ___________ sphincter prevents the backflow of material from the stomach into the esophagus

A

Cardiac

38
Q

an open sore on the wall of the stomach

A

Ulcer

38
Q

The pancreatic ______ carries pancreatic juice to the common bile duct where the two join to empty into the duodenum

A

duct

39
Q

______________ is the main substance re-absorbed by the large intestine

A

Water

40
Q

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest fats

A

lipase

40
Q

this structure stores bile

A

gallbladder

41
Q

this enzyme is secreted by the stomach to digest protein

A

pepsin

42
Q

an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and works to digest RNA and DNA

A

Nuclease

43
Q

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest protein

A

Protase

44
Q

this substance is broken down by saliva

A

Starch

45
Q

this substance is secreted by the stomach to break down food

A

Acid

Biology 12 (3 decks)

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