ENZYMES

Question 1

______ glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.

Answer 1

Endocrine

Question 2

_______ glands secrete hormones into the ducts

Answer 2

Exocrine

Question 3

The model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit to each other (3 words with spaces)

Answer 3

Lock and key

Question 4

This enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

Goiter

Question 5

Maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

Insulin is an example of a ______ hormone

Answer 6

Peptide

Question 7

Every enzyme has an optimal _______ at which it will work in the body. Values too far above or below will result in denaturation

Answer 7

PH

Question 8

A factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 8

Temperature

Question 9

Organic, but non-protein cofactor are often derived from these substances

Answer 9

Vitamins

Question 10

Many __________ are inhibitors that permantely bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

Answer 10

Poisons

Question 11

In order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will

Answer 11

Dilate

Question 12

An _____________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of the normal range (2 words with space)

Answer 12

Adaptive Response

Question 13

All enzymes end with the suffix

Answer 13

ase

Question 14

Enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when the temperature gets too ______. This situation is irreversible

Answer 14

Hot

Question 15

Components of the body that detect light

Answer 15

Photoreceptors

Question 16

Increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction (2 words with space)

Answer 16

Surface Area

Question 17

All of the body’s sensory receptors are connected to the ___________ system

Answer 17

Nervous

Question 18

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate (2 words + space)

Answer 18

Active site

Question 19

Cofactors can belong to this group of substances

Answer 19

Metals

Question 20

Components of the body that detect chemical changes

Answer 20

Chemoreceptors

Question 21

A _________ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer 21

Catalyst

Question 22

When the product of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction binds to the ________ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

Answer 22

Allosteric

Question 23

This word is what happens to a protein when its shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

Answer 23

Denature

Question 24

_______ are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with each other

Answer 24

Hormones

Question 25

an organic, but non-protein substance (eg. vitamin) that plays a role in forming a functioning enzyme

Answer 25

Coenzyme

Question 26

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

Components of the body that detect changes in blood pressure

Answer 27

Baroreceptors

Question 28

Negative feedback __________ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction causes the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

Answer 28

Inhibition

Question 29

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex (2 words)

Answer 29

Induced fit

Question 30

the receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

the enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar

Answer 31

maltose

Question 32

The _______ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

Answer 32

Activation

Question 33

A solution with a higher ________ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

Answer 33

Concentration

Question 34

__________ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breast feeding

Answer 34

Positive

Question 35

Enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become too ______, however this situation can be reversed

Answer 35

Cold

Question 36

This enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 36

Catalase

Question 37

This element is required for the production of thyroxin

Answer 37

Iodine

Question 38

If your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to

Answer 38

Shiver

Question 39

Blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of __________ feedback systems where the correction of the level that is out of range leads to a SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

Answer 39

Negative

Question 40

To function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a _________, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

Answer 40

Cofactor

Question 41

Components of the body that detect temperature changes

Answer 41

Thermoreceptors

Question 42

the term metabolic ________ refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

Answer 42

Pathway

Question 43

Metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxine which is produced by the _________ gland

Answer 43

Thyroid

Question 44

A word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

Answer 44

Substrate

Question 45

Enzymes are said to be _________ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

Answer 45

Specific

Question 46

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are __________. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will not increase the reaction rate

Answer 46

Saturated

Question 47

Lipid-based hormones are composed of

Answer 47

Steroids

Question 48

A biological catalyst is called a(n)

Answer 48

Enzyme