digestive system

Question 1

these finger-like projections increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine

Answer 1

villi

Question 2

a lump of chewed food that moves into the stomach

Answer 2

bolus

Question 3

these hard structures help to mechanically digest food in the mouth

Answer 3

teeth

Question 4

this organ produces bile

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

an enzyme which breaks the subunits of DNA and RNA into a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Answer 5

nucleotidase

Question 6

the inactive form of the enzyme trypsin

Answer 6

trypsinogen

Question 7

_______ gets broken down into amino acids in the digestive system

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

a small, finger-like projection located at the junction of the small and large intestines, which is believed to store bacteria that are important to the proper functioning of the digestive system

Answer 8

appendix

Question 9

a small capillary of the lymphatic system, found in the villi, which absorbs fat

Answer 9

lacteal

Question 10

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest maltose

Answer 10

maltase

Question 11

_______ juice contains HI and pepsin

Answer 11

gastric

Question 12

______ digestion is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system

Answer 12

chemical

Question 13

_________ get digested into glycerol and fatty acids in the digestive system

Answer 13

fats

Question 14

this substance lines the stomach to protect it from damage from the stomach contents

Answer 14

mucus

Question 15

this substance is broken down by bile

Answer 15

fat

Question 16

bile works to _______ fats, separating large drops into tiny droplets

Answer 16

emulsify

Question 17

the slurry of water and partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 17

chyme

Question 18

the _______ duct carries bile from the gall
bladder to the duodenum

Answer 18

common bile

Question 19

folds in the wall of the stomach

Answer 19

rugae

Question 20

this liquid is secreted into the mouth

Answer 20

saliva

Question 21

the _________ sphincter regulates the amount of chyme which is passed from the stomach to the duodenum

Answer 21

pyloric

Question 22

the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Answer 22

esophagus

Question 23

this structure stores feces before it is eliminated

Answer 23

rectum

Question 24

the esophagus and intestines move food along their lengths using rhythmic muscle contractions called ______

Answer 24

peristalsis

Question 25

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen in order to increase blood glucose levels

Answer 25

glucagon

Question 26

this structure is responsible for the absorption of water after the digestive process is complete

Answer 26

large intestine

Question 27

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood by cells

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

a substance produced by the liver used in digestion

Answer 28

bile

Question 29

tiny finger-like projections on the villi whch further increase the surface area of the small intestine

Answer 29

microvilli

Question 30

a large sac in which the digestion of protein begins

Answer 30

stomach

Question 31

a region at the back of the throat where the mouth, nasal cavity, and top of the esophagus all meet

Answer 31

oralpharynx

Question 32

an enzyme which breaks down the disaccharide found in cow's milk

Answer 32

lactase

Question 33

this structure is responisble for both the digestion AND absorption of food nutrients

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

an enzyme which works in the small intestine to digest peptides

Answer 34

peptidase

Question 35

an enzyme which acts in the duodenum to break down starch

Answer 35

pancreatic amylase

Question 36

a flap of skin which covers the internal nares (which lead to your nasal cavity) during swallowing

Answer 36

uvula

Question 37

this organ secretes several digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Answer 37

pancreas

Question 38

How many anal sphincters does the average human have?

Answer 38

two

Question 39

carbs and protein are absorbed into the _______ system of the body

Answer 39

circulatory

Question 40

the ______ vein takes nutrient rich blood from the capillaries surrounding the small intestine to the liver

Answer 40

hepatic portal

Question 41

feces is eliminated through this opening in the body

Answer 41

anus

Question 42

fats are absorbed into the _________ system of the body

Answer 42

lymphatic

Question 43

salivary _______ breaks down starch into maltose in the mouth

Answer 43

amylase

Question 44

the first 25 - 30 cm of the small intestine. Much of the chemical digestion of food occurs here.

Answer 44

duodenum

Question 45

another name for the large intestine

Answer 45

colon

Question 46

__________ digestion is carried out by the teeth, tongue, and stomach

Answer 46

mechanical

Question 47

________ juice contains many enzymes, including trypsinogen, lipase, and amylase

Answer 47

pancreatic

Question 48

the inactive form of the enzyme pepsin

Answer 48

pepsinogen

Question 49

the _______ sphincter prevents the backflow of material from the stomach into the esophagus

Answer 49

cardiac

Question 50

the pancreatic ________ carries pancreatic juice to the common bile duct where the two join to empty into the duodenum

Answer 50

duct

Question 51

an open sore on the wall of the stomach

Answer 51

ulcer

Question 52

________ is the main substance re-absorbed by the large intestine

Answer 52

water

Question 53

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest fats

Answer 53

lipase

Question 54

this enzyme is secreted by the stomach to digest protein

Answer 54

pepsin

Question 55

this structure stores bile

Answer 55

gallbladder

Question 56

an enzyme which is produced by the pancreas and works to digest RNA and DNA

Answer 56

nuclease

Question 57

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest protein

Answer 57

trypsin

Question 58

this substance is broken down by saliva

Answer 58

starch

Question 59

this substance is secreted by the stomach to break down food

Answer 59

acid