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Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

A continuous tube that begins in the mouth and ends in the anus.

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

Other term for Digestive System?

A

Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal Tract

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3
Q

Used for breaking down food into nutrients which is then passed through the circulatory system and is taken to where they are needed in the body

A

Digestive System

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4
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingest Food
  2. Breakdown food into nutrient molecules
  3. Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
  4. Elimination of solidwastes
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5
Q

What are the four stages of food processing?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Egestion
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6
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system?

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Teeth
  4. Tongue
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine
  8. Liver
  9. Gallbladder
  10. Pancreas
  11. Large Intestine
  12. Rectum & Anus
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7
Q

What does the tongue contain that breaks down food with starch?

A

Amylase

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8
Q

This part of your mouth produces saliva

A

Salivary Glands

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Sublingual
  3. Submandibular
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10
Q

This is used for mastication (Chewing, grinding of food)

A

Teeth

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11
Q

Food that is broken apart and mixed with saliva

A

Bolus

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12
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A
  1. INCISORS - Biting and Cutting
  2. CANINE - Grasping and Tearing
  3. PRE-MOLAR - Grinding and Crushing
  4. MOLAR - Grinding and Crushing
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13
Q

These are a group of muscles covered with mucous membrane.

A

Tongue

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14
Q

Raised areas or bumps seen in the
surface of the tongue, used to grip the food
and contains the ‘taste buds’

A

Papillae

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15
Q

What are the types of Papillae?

A
  1. FUNGIFORM - Large ones located in front
    of the tongue
  2. FILIFORM - Smaller ones seen in the front
  3. VALLATE - Large ones at the back, mostly
    only 8 to 10 are seen
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16
Q

What are the five tastes?

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Salty
  3. Sour
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami
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17
Q

The bolus is passed to the ___, and the ____ makes sure that the bolus passes down to the ___.

A

pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus

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18
Q

The muscular tube wherein food passes from the
MOUTH to the STOMACH.

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

Opening of the esophagus lies next to the opening of the ____

A

Trachea

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20
Q

This is also known as the windpipe

A

Trachea

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21
Q

Wave of muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach.

A

Peristalsis

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22
Q

The food is then moved down from the ____ towards the stomach by wavelike muscular contractions called peristalsis.

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

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23
Q

a muscle valve that permits the passage of food and at the same time keeps stomach acid out of the esophagus.

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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24
Q

A big muscular pouch, expandable organ.

A

Stomach

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25
Upper portion of the stomach
Fundus
26
Lower portion of the stomach
Antrum
27
Created when bolus is mixed with Hydrochloric acid and other gastric juices
Chyme
28
What does the gastric juice contain?
1. Acids - kills off any invading bacteria or viruses 2. Enzymes - help break down proteins and lipids 3. Mucus - protects the lining of the stomach being eaten away by the strong acid
29
Where does the Chyme pass through?
Pyloric Sphincter Valve
30
After passing through the Pyloric Sphincter Valve, where does the Chyme go?
Small Intestine
31
90% of the absorption occurs here and is about 21 feet long and 1 diameter
Small Intestine
32
What assists the Small Intestine for absorption?
Liver & Pancreas
33
What are the three parts of the Intestine?
1. Duodenum - tube that runs from the stomach to the small intestine (1 foot). 2. Jejunum - where majority of the absorption takes place (8 feet) 3. Ilium - compacts the leftovers to pass through the large intestine (remaining 12 feet).
34
These are hair-like prostitutions that allow the slow the passage of food and allow food particles to be captured for blood to absorb the nutrients in the food.
Villi
35
What are the two types of Villi?
1. Villus capillaries - collects amino acids and glucose. 2. Villus lacteals - collects absorbed fatty acids.
36
Like a huge chemical factory. It stores Glucose, which we rely on for energy.
Liver
37
Helps digest fats
Bile
38
The liver's primary contribution is the production of ___ which drains into the ____ and stored in the GALLBLADDER.
bile, duodenum
39
breaking of large fat globules into smaller fat droplets
emulsification
40
The liver also stores Iron and fat soluble vitamins. What are these fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
41
When chyme containing fats leaves the stomach, the ______ contracts and discharges bile through the _____ and ____ into the Duodenum of the small intestine.
gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct
42
Secretes a juice into the duodenum to reduce the acidity of the chyme.
Pancreas
43
Where pancreatic juice passes merging with the bile duct.
Pancreatic Duct
44
contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions
Pancreatic juice
45
Vital to digestion, that a person would starve without it even if they are consuming an adequate amount of food.
Pancreas
46
How long is the large intestine?
4-5 Feet
47
What are the divisions of the large intestine?
1. Cecum 2. Ascending Colon 3. Transverse Colon 4. Descending Colon
48
Used to absorb excess water from the waste material, store unusable food matter, and eliminate the wastes from the body.
Large Intestine
49
It’s main job is to form chyme into feces. The wall absorbs water into the bloodstream.
Large Intestine
50
The wormlike tube attached in the Cecum. Thus also provides a place for friendly bacteria to be stored whenever we have an illness.
Appendix
51
Storage of feces
Rectum
52
Where the waste leave the digestive system through BOWEL MOVEMENT.
Anus
53
For defecation or egestion, we consciously relax the external anal sphincter muscle to expel the waste through the anus.
Bowel movement
54
What are the functions of the Excretory System?
1. Removes waste from the human body 2. Get rid of nitrogenous waste products of metabolism including ammonia, urea, and uric acid.
55
What are the functions of the excretory System?
1. FILTRATION - The EXCRETORY TUBULE collects filtrate from blood. 2. REABSORPTION - The TRANSTPORT EPITHELIUM reclaims valuable substances from the filtrate and returns them. 3. SECRETION - Other substances are extracted from body fluids and added to the contents of the excretory tube. 4. EXCRETION - The filtrate leaves the system and the body.
56
Located on both sides of the spine between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Kidney
57
Blood enters the kidneys through ____ and leaves through _____.
Renal arteries, Renal veins
58
These are the tubes found in the kidneys, which carry waste products from the kidneys to the URINARY BLADDER for STORAGE or for RELEASE.
Ureters
59
urine is expelled from the ____ through the ___.
Urinary Bladder through the Urethra
60
What are the parts of the kidneys?
1. Cortex 2. Medulla 3. Hilum
61
located in the middle of the concave side of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters enter and exit the kidneys.
Hilum
62
a hollow cavity where urine accumulates and drains into the ureter.
Hilum
63
The functions units of the kidney.
Nephron
64
What are the two parts of the nephron?
1. Renal Corpuscle 2. Renal Tubule - series of single layer tubules
65
Tube approximately 6 to 7 inches long attached to each kidney.
Ureters
66
What are the three layers of the ureters?
Smooth Muscle, Fibrous Muscle, Mucous Layer
67
A tube of smooth muscle with a mucous lining that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.
Urethra

GenBio 2 (9 decks)

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