Endocrine System

Question 1

This primarily consists of glands. Produces and releases hormones. Coordinates signals via blood to organs, skin, muscles.

Answer 1

Endocrine System

Question 2

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

• Releases hormones into blood.
• Monitors hormone levels.
• Affects metabolism, homeostasis, growth, sexual function, reproduction, sleep-wake cycle, mood.
• Over 50 hormones affect these
  aspects.

Question 3

Located at brain base near optic chiasm.

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Secretes hormones to stimulate or
suppress pituitary gland hormone release.

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Controls water balance, sleep,
temperature, appetite, and blood
pressure.

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Produces hormones regulating body processes.

Answer 6

Pituitary Gland

Question 7

Sensitizes body’s needs and sends signals to
organs and glands.

Answer 7

Pituitary Gland

Question 8

Affects metabolism, growth, sexual maturation,
reproduction, and blood pressure.

Answer 8

Pituitary Gland

Question 9

Source of melatonin, hormone derived from
tryptophan & regulates circadian rhythm, 24-hour biological activity cycle.

Answer 9

Pineal Gland

Question 10

Secretes triiodothyronine (T3)
and thyroxine (T4). These hormones regulate your weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, hair, nail growth, and metabolism.

Answer 10

Thyroid Gland

Question 11

Part of endocrine system secreting hormones.
Mainly produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Regulates calcium, phosphorus, magnesium levels in bones and blood.

Answer 11

Parathyroid Glands

Question 12

These hormones regulate your weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, hair, nail growth, and metabolism.

Answer 12

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Question 13

Small, triangular glands located on kidneys.
Produces hormones for metabolism, immune
system, blood pressure, stress response.

Composed of cortex and medulla for hormone
production.

Answer 13

Adrenal Glands

Question 14

These are also known as sex hormones

Answer 14

Gonads

Question 15

What are the female gonads?

Answer 15

Estrogen & Progesterone

Question 16

Essential for reproduction and development of the female reproductive system.

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

Preparation for conception, regulates uterus changes, aids ovulation, and stimulates milk production during pregnancy.

Answer 17

Progesterone

Question 18

What are the male gonads?

Answer 18

Testosterone & Androstenedione

Question 19

Essential for bone and muscle growth, body hair growth, broader shoulder, voice deepening, and penis growth.

Answer 19

Testosterone

Question 20

Precursor to estrogens and testosterone.

Answer 20

Androstenedione

Question 21

Another hormone for blood sugar regulation.

Answer 21

Glucagon

Question 22

Produced by ‘islets of Langerhans’ controls blood sugar levels.

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

the largest endocrine organ, produces and releases hormones like gastrin and ghrelin, which are crucial for metabolism.

Answer 23

digestive tract

Question 24

Filter blood and produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin, as part of the urinary system.

Answer 24

kidneys

Question 25

a vital component of the digestive system, is responsible for producing hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and angiotensinogen.

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What are the two hormones that the blood releases?

Answer 26

A-type natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide

Question 27

A temporary endocrine organ, that plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, preparing the body for labor, and breastfeeding.

Answer 27

Placenta

Question 28

A primary defense against germs that promotes healing and illness prevention. Strengthening of this can be achieved through nutritious food, exercise, and sleep.

Answer 28

Immune System

Question 29

What are the functions of the Immune System?

Answer 29

1. Protects against bacteria, viruses, fungus, parasites, cancer cells. 2. Prevents invasions, minimizes injury, heals damage. 3. Adapts to new threats.

Question 30

Made in bone marrow, part of lymphatic system.

Answer 30

White blood cells

Question 31

Search for foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi & launch immune attack upon discovery.

Answer 31

White blood cells

Question 32

Include lymphocytes like B-cells, T-cells, natural killer cells.

Answer 32

White blood cells

Question 33

Recognize antigens on microbe surfaces or in their chemicals.

Answer 33

Antibodies

Question 34

Mark microbes or toxins as foreign. Mark these antigens for destruction.

Answer 34

Antibodies

Question 35

Is made up of proteins whose actions complement the work done by antibodies.

Answer 35

Complement System

Question 36

Network of delicate tubes managing body fluid levels.

Answer 36

Lymphatic System

Question 37

Absorbs fats from the intestine. Composed of lymph nodes and lymph vessels. Lymphatic fluid contains infection-fighting white blood cells.

Answer 37

Lymphatic System

Question 38

Removes microbes. Destroys damaged red blood cells. Produces disease-fighting components of the immune system (including antibodies and lymphocytes).

Answer 38

Spleen

Question 39

Spongy tissue inside bones. Produces red, white, and platelets. Essential for oxygen transport, infection fight, and blood clotting.

Answer 39

Bone Marrow

Question 40

Filters and monitors blood content. Produces T-lymphocytes.

Answer 40

Thymus

Question 41

a waterproof barrier that secretes oil with bacteria-killing properties.

Answer 41

Skin

Question 42

Traps foreign particles.

Answer 42

Phlegm

Question 43

waves mucous upwards for coughing.

Answer 43

Cilia

Question 44

Mucous Lining Antibodies. Stomach acid kills most microbes.

Answer 44

Digestive Tract