digestive system Flashcards
what is mechanical digestion
breaking down food using physical forces
what is chemical digestion
breaking down food using chemical reactions
what digestion occurs in the mouth
both mechanical and chemical(saliva)
what is the tongue composed of
skeletal muscle
what digestion is teeth responsible for
mechanical
what are the 3 types of teeth
incisors, canines and molars
what is the pharynx
the region between the mouth and esophagus where the digestive and respiratory systems intersect
what is the esophagus
the pathway for food to the stomach
what is peristalsis
muscular contractions that assist in movement and mechanical breakdown
where does the esophagus end at
the lower esophageal sphincter
what is the stomach responsible for
it is responsible for some of the chemical and mechanical digestion of food
where does the stomach terminate at
the pyloric sphincter
what assists in mechanical digestion in the stomach
the smooth muscle
how is mechanical digestion performed in the stomach
by the contraction of the stomach’s muscular portion, churning the food and breaking it up into smaller portions
what comes after the pyloric sphincter
the small intestine
how does the small intestine increase its surface area
it contains villi
how can the small intestine be separated into parts
it can be separated into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum
where is the common bile duct located
the duodenum
what are peyers patches responsible for
monitoring and regulating the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria
how does the duodenum counteract the acidified contents that came from the stomach
by secreting a mixture of bile and pancreatic juice(which contains sodium bicarbonate)
what is the final portion of the digestive tract
the large intestine
divide the large intestine into components
cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal
what is the role of the large intestine
to absorb water, salts, vitamins and to store undigested materials
break down the colon into parts(in order)
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
