Digestive system

Question 1

organisation

what is a cell?

Answer 1

the basic building block of all living organisms

Question 2

organisation

what is a tissue?

Answer 2

a group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 3

organisation

what is an organ?

Answer 3

aggregates of tissues, working together to perform a specific function

Question 4

organisation

what is an organ system?

Answer 4

groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 5

the digestive system

what is digestion?

Answer 5

the process by which your body digests food, or your ability to digest food

Question 6

the digestive system

what happens during digestion?

Answer 6

Large insoluble food molecules are broken down into smaller soluble ones.

Question 7

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the mouth?

Answer 7

saliva is secreted. Breaks down food to small pieces. saliva has enzymes that break down carbohydrates. different teeth chew food into a bolus

Question 8

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the oesophagus?

Answer 8

food is squeezed down to the stomach by muscular contraction called peristalsis.

Question 9

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the stomach?

Answer 9

food is churned and chemically digested by digestive juices. enzymes break down protein into amino acids and acid secreted creates a low pH environment.

Question 10

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the liver?

Answer 10

produces bile, stored in gall bladder then released into small intestine.

Question 11

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the pancreas?

Answer 11

releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum. pancreatic enzymes break down starch protein and lipids.

Question 12

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the small intestine?

Answer 12

digestion continues with enzymes. absorbs digestive nutrients. secretes enzymes that break down fats. nutrients absorbed via villi with a high surface area

Question 13

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the large intestine?

Answer 13

faeces produced and water absorbed. adapted for efficient absorption of water and minerals by having a large surface area

Question 13

parts of the digestive system

what happens in the rectum and anus?

Answer 13

faeces stored and removed from the body. muscular ring enables faeces to be passed out of the body.

Question 14

parts of the digestive system

where is bile produced?

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

bonus question

what food component does bile digest?

Answer 15

fat

Question 16

bonus question

how is the small intestine adapted to perform its function?

Answer 16

secretes amylase, protease and lipase that break down starch, protein and lipids. nutrients are absorbed via villi which have micro-villi and give the small intestine a very large surface area. These villi also have a one cell thick wall to decrease the distance the nutrients have to travel when being absorbed. Good blood supply from capillaries.

Question 17

enzymes in digestion

what is glandular tissue?

Answer 17

a type of tissue that lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances into the body, such as mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids. glandular tissue is commonly found in the breast, lung, stomach, colon, pancreas, prostate, uterus, and cervix.

Question 18

definitions

define ingestion?

Answer 18

the process of consuming a substance by an organism

Question 19

definitions

define egestion?

Answer 19

the process of discharging undigested or waste material from a cell or organism.

Question 20

definitions

define assimilation?

Answer 20

the process by which food is converted into vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals needed for the body to function.

Question 21

definitions

define enzyme?

Answer 21

a biological catalyst that almost always a protein.

Question 22

parts of the digestive system

what does the gall bladder do?

Answer 22

stores bile

Question 23

parts of the digestive system

what does the bile duct do?

Answer 23

transports bile to the small intestine?

Question 24

# enzymes what does amylase help break down?

Answer 24

starch

Question 25

# enzymes what does amylase break down starch into?

Answer 25

glucose

Question 26

# enzymes where is amylase made?

Answer 26

salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 27

# enzymes where does amylase work?

Answer 27

mouth and small intestine.

Question 28

# enzymes what do proteases help break down?

Answer 28

proteins

Question 29

# enzymes what do proteases help break down proteins into?

Answer 29

amino acids

Question 30

# enzymes where are proteases made?

Answer 30

stomach, pancreas, small intestine.

Question 31

# enzymes where do proteases work?

Answer 31

stomach and small intestine?

Question 32

# enzymes what lipases help break down?

Answer 32

lipids

Question 33

# enzymes what do lipases help break down lipids into?

Answer 33

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 34

# enzymes where are lipases made?

Answer 34

pancreas and small intestine

Question 35

# enzymes where do lipases work

Answer 35

small intestine

Question 36

# food tests what does iodine test for?

Answer 36

starch

Question 37

# food tests what does benedict's solution test for?

Answer 37

sugars

Question 38

# food tests what does ethanol solution / sudan iii test for?

Answer 38

fats

Question 39

# food tests what does biuret solution test for?

Answer 39

protein

Question 40

# food tests what colour does iodine turn if starch is present?

Answer 40

blue/black

Question 41

# food tests what colour does benedicts soloution turn if sugars are present?

Answer 41

brick red

Question 42

# food tests what happens to ethanol solution if fats are present?

Answer 42

it becomes cloudy

Question 43

# food tests what colour does biuret solution turn if proteins are present?

Answer 43

purple

Question 44

# food groups why do we need carbohydrates?

Answer 44

to provide energy

Question 45

# food groups why do we need proteins?

Answer 45

for growth and repair

Question 46

# food groups why do we need fat?

Answer 46

to provide energy. also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold?

Question 47

# food groups what are minerals needed for?

Answer 47

they are needed in small amounts to maintain health

Question 48

# food groups what are vitamins needed for?

Answer 48

they are needed in small amounts to maintain health

Question 49

# food groups why do we need fibre?

Answer 49

to provide roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut.

Question 50

why do we need water?

Answer 50

needed for cells and body fluids.

Question 51

# food groups in what foods can you find proteins?

Answer 51

meat, beans, lentils

Question 52

# food groups in what food can you find carbohydrates?

Answer 52

starch: potatoes, pasta, rice sugar: fruit, sweets

Question 53

# food groups in what food can you find lipids (fats and oils)?

Answer 53

spreads and oils

Question 54

# biological molecules what are the three main biological molecules?

Answer 54

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 54

# biological molecules describe a carbohydrate molecule

Answer 54

long molecule, made of lots of smaller molecules

Question 55

# biological molecules what are carbohydrate molecules made up of?

Answer 55

glucose

Question 56

# biological molecules describe a protein molecule.

Answer 56

long molecules,made of lots of smaller ones. diferent molecules bonded together to make the same protein

Question 57

# biological molecules what are protein molecules made up of

Answer 57

amino acids

Question 58

# biological molecules How are lipids different?

Answer 58

they are a lot smaller

Question 59

# enzymes what is the lock and key model?

Answer 59

a substrate molecule needs to be the right shape to fit into the active site of an enzyme

Question 60

# enzymes when an enzyme is exposed to high temperatures or extremes of pH it can be..........

Answer 60

denatured