infection and response Flashcards
(30 cards)
whats a pathogen
a microorganism that enters the body ad causes disease.
do pathogens cause communicable disease or non-communicable disease
communicable disease (diesease that can be spread/is infectous.)
what is bacteria
bacteria are very small cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body. they make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage your cells and tissues
what is a virus
a virus is not a cell. they live inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells machinery to produce copies of themselves. the cell then bursts releasing the new viruses. the cell damage is what makes you feel ill.
what is the differnce between a virus and bacteria
viruses are much smaller
viruses live inside your cells
what are similarities between viruses and bacteria
they both reproduce rapidly inside your body
they both make you feel ill
example of a bacterial disease
salmonella bacteria - cause food poisoning
example of a viral disease
HIV- this virus infects cells that normally defend the body against disease ( e.g. white blood cells)
what is a protist?
a single celled eukaryoticc organism that is netiher plant, animal or fungi.
example of disease caused by a protist
malaria - cased by a protist that lives inside a mosquito
what is a vector
something that carries a disease but doesn’t catch it itself
what are 3 ways pathogens can be spread
- water
- air
- diret contact
how are pathogens spread by water?
drinking or bathing in dirty water
how are pathogens spread by air
they can be carried in the air or breathed in
how are pathogens spread by direct contact
some pathogens are picked up by touching contaminated surfaces, including the skin
clostridium tetani is a bacterium that causes tetanus. it usually enters the body throuhg deep cuts. sugest how clostridium tetani bacteria may make you feel ill
they produce toxins that damage your cells and tissues
the chicken pox virus can be carried in droplets inthe air. suggest how an infected student could infect someone else who is sitting in another part of the same room.
the infected student could cough or sneeze, releasing the droplets containing the virus into the air. someone else in the room could breathe them in and become infected.
what 4 things can cause disease?
viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists.
examples of viral diseases
what is measles
a viral disease spread through droplets from an infected person’s sneeze or cough that may cause people to develop a red skin rash, and show signs of fever (a high temperture)
why can measles be very dangerous?
if there are complications it can sometimes lead to pneumonia (a lung infection) or a brain infection called ecaphalitis. so most people are vacinated at a young age.
what is HIV
HIV is a virus spread by sexual contact, or by exchanging bodilly fluids such as blood. This could happen when people share needles when taking drugs.
what symtoms does HIV cause?
flu like symptoms for he first few weeks the usually none for several years.
what is tobacco mosaic virus?
a virus that effects mayn species of plants causing a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plants and parts of the laves becoming discoloured, the discolouration means plants can’t carry out photosynthesis as well, so the virus affects the growth.
what kind of drugs are used in early stages of HIV
antiretrovial drugs
