Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
an/o
A
anal
2
Q
append/o
A
appendix
3
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
4
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
5
Q
col/o
A
colon
6
Q
colon/o
A
colon
7
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
8
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
9
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
10
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
11
Q
ile/o
A
intestines
12
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
13
Q
or/o
A
mouth
14
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
15
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
16
Q
proct/o
A
anus and rectum
17
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
18
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
19
Q
stomat/o
A
mouth
20
Q
Cholelithiasis
A
abnormal condition of gallstones
21
Q
Cirrhosis
A
chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of the liver cells
22
Q
Colonic polyposis
A
condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon
23
Q
Diverticulosis
A
abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs in the wall of the intestine (often the colon)
24
Q
diverticul/o
A
diverticula
25
Diverticulitits
inflammation and infection within diverticula
26
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a condition is which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus
27
Hepatits
inflammation of the liver
28
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
inflammation of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (Chrohn disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)
29
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
30
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)
cancer (primary) of the liver
31
Jaundice
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia)
32
Peptic ulcer
open sore (lesion) that develops in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer)
33
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan
a series of cross-sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs
34
Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs in all three planes of the body
35
Abdominal ultrasonography
process of beaming sound waves into upper abdomen to produce images of organs, such as the gallbladder
36
Endoscopic ultrasonography
useful to detect enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the upper abdomen
37
Barium tests
x-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
38
Barium enema (lower GI series)
barium is injected into the anus and rectum, and x=ray images are taken of the colon
39
Barium swallow (upper GI series)
barium is taken in through the mouth, and x-ray images reveal the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
40
Cholangiography
x-ray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver (percutaneous trans hepatic cholangiography) or through a catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or ERPC)
41
cholangi/o
bile ducts
42
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope
43
Hemoccult test
feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, which reacts with hidden (occult) blood
44
Laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity through an endoscope inserted in the abdomen
45
Liver function tests (LFTs)
measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood. Enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged (as in hepatitis). High bilirubin (blood pigment) levels indicate jaundice cause by liver disease or other problems affecting the liver.
46
Liver enzymes
ALT, AST, alkaline phosphates (alk phos)
47
Stool cultures
feces (stools) are places in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms (such as bacteria).
48
Anastomosis
surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs (gastrojejunostomy, cholecystojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy)
49
choledoch/o
common bile duct
50
Colostomy
surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body
51
Ileostomy
surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body
52
Laparoscopis surgery
removal of organs or tissues via laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision), (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy (both are types of minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery))
53
ALT, AST
Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase
54
BE
Barium enema
55
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
56
GB
Gallbladder
57
GERD
Gastrointestinal reflux disease
58
GI
gastrointestinal
59
HCC
Hepatacellular carcinoma
60
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease
61
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
62
LFTs
Liver function tests
63
NPO
Nothing by mouth (Latin: nil per os)
64
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
