Digestive System

Question 1

What are the stomach’s four functions?

Answer 1

• Food Storage
• Mechanical Breakdown
• Chemical Breakdown
• Production of Intrinsic Factor

Question 2

Why is the production of Intrinsic Factor important?

Answer 2

Required to absorb B12 in the small intestine

Question 3

What is the term for food that is in a semiliquid state that leaves the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 3

Chyme

Question 4

True or False: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates an increase in salivation.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What nervous system stimulates the decrease in salivation?

Answer 5

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 6

The opening into the stomach that the esophagus enters is called?

Answer 6

Cardia

The cardia is the region of the stomach adjacent to the esophagus.

Question 7

The distendable blind pouch of the stomach is called?

Answer 7

Fundus

The fundus is the upper portion of the stomach that can expand to hold food.

Question 8

The distendable middle section of the stomach is called?

Answer 8

Body

The body of the stomach is the central part where most digestion occurs.

Question 9

This part of the stomach grinds up swallowed food and regulates the hydrochloric acid?

Answer 9

Pyloric antrum

The pyloric antrum is involved in mixing food and digestive juices.

Question 10

The part of the stomach that is a muscular sphincter and regulates the movement of chime into the small intestine?

Answer 10

Pylorus

The pylorus controls the passage of digested food from the stomach to the duodenum.

Question 11

How many chambers does a ruminant stomach have?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What are the first 3 chambers of a ruminant stomach known as?

Answer 12

Forestomaches

Question 13

Name the 3 forestomaches of a ruminant.

Answer 13

• Reticulum
• Rumen
• Omasum

Question 14

What is the name for when food is regurgitated to be chewed some more before being reswallowed?

Answer 14

Rumination

Question 15

What is the smallest, most cranial of the forestomach chambers?

Answer 15

Reticulum

Question 16

What does the inside lining of the reticulum look like?

Answer 16

Honeycomb

Question 17

Which is the largest chamber of the forestomaches?

Answer 17

Rumen

Question 18

What is the Rumen for?

Answer 18

Fermentation

Question 19

What is the rumen motility controlled by?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 20

What is another name for burping?

Answer 20

Eructation

Question 21

Microbes convert glucose and other carbs to what?

Answer 21

Volatile fatty acids

Question 22

Once the VFAs are in the ruminants bloodstream, they are converted to what?

Answer 22

Glucose, adipose tissue, milk fats

Question 23

Which forestomach is also called the ‘book stomach’?

Answer 23

Omasum

Question 24

What is the Omasum responsible for?

Answer 24

Absorption of H20 and salt

Question 25

An example of a ruminant without an Omasum is?

Answer 25

Camel, Llama

Question 26

Which compartment is known as the 'true stomach'?

Answer 26

Abomasum

Question 27

What type of GI tract does a newborn ruminant's have?

Answer 27

Monogastric GI tract ## Footnote Newborn ruminants initially have a monogastric GI tract before transitioning to a more complex ruminant system.

Question 28

Which chamber in a newborn ruminant is the largest?

Answer 28

Abomasum ## Footnote The abomasum is the true stomach in ruminants, especially prominent in newborns.

Question 29

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 29

Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 30

What are the sections of the small intestine in order?

Answer 30

* Duodenum * Jejunum * Ileum

Question 31

Each villi in the small intestine contains thousands of?

Answer 31

Microvilli

Question 32

What do Goblet cells produce?

Answer 32

Mucous

Question 33

True or False – Peristalsis is stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 33

False ## Footnote Peristalsis is stimulated in response to dilation of a segment of the bowel.

Question 34

What 2 things do segmental contractions do for the intestinal contents?

Answer 34

* Mixes intestinal contents * Slows movement of contents

Question 35

What is lleus?

Answer 35

A condition caused by the decrease or lack of peristalsis ## Footnote Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 36

What can cause lleus?

Answer 36

* Disease * Stress * Strong antiparasympathetic drugs ## Footnote These factors can interrupt the normal functioning of the intestine.

Question 37

What are the 3 components of the large intestine?

Answer 37

Cecum, Colon, Rectum ## Footnote These components work together to facilitate the final stages of digestion.

Question 38

What is the function of the cecum?

Answer 38

Fermentation ## Footnote The cecum plays a crucial role in the fermentation of undigested materials.

Question 39

What are the primary functions of the large intestine?

Answer 39

* Recover fluids and electrolytes * Store feces until elimination ## Footnote These functions are essential for maintaining hydration and preparing waste for excretion.

Question 40

What class of animals has a well-developed cecum?

Answer 40

Non Ruminant Herbivores ## Footnote Non ruminant herbivores, such as horses and rabbits, rely on a well-developed cecum for digesting fibrous plant material.

Question 41

What is an example of a Non ruminant herbivore?

Answer 41

Horse, Rabbit, Guinea pig ## Footnote Non ruminant herbivores are animals that do not have a rumen but still primarily consume plant material.

Question 42

What is produced by microbes in the cecum that can be absorbed for energy?

Answer 42

VFA's (Volatile fatty acids) ## Footnote Volatile fatty acids are important energy sources for non-ruminant herbivores.

Question 43

What is known as the terminal portion of the large intestine?

Answer 43

Rectum ## Footnote The rectum plays a crucial role in the excretion process.

Question 44

What is mucus primarily used for in the rectum?

Answer 44

Lubrication and aid the passage of contents ## Footnote Mucus reduces friction and facilitates the movement of fecal matter.

Question 45

Where is the internal and external sphincter located?

Answer 45

Anus

Question 46

The internal sphincter is under what kind of control?

Answer 46

Autonomic

Question 47

The external sphincter is under what kind of control?

Answer 47

Voluntary

Question 48

What organ is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 48

Liver

Question 49

What is the liver's job?

Answer 49

Filter all nutrients that has been absorbed by the GI tract before it enters the bloodstream

Question 50

Where does the secreted bile go to be stored until use?

Answer 50

Gallbladder

Question 51

What animal does not have a gallbladder?

Answer 51

Horse

Question 52

The pancreas is what kind of gland?

Answer 52

Exocrine and Endocrine

Question 53

What does the pancreas secrete into the small intestine?

Answer 53

Bicarbonate

Question 54

What does bicarbonate do in the small intestine?

Answer 54

Neutralize the acidity and maintain proper pH

Question 55

The pacreas also produces insulin and glucagon, which helps with?

Answer 55

Regulating blood glucose levels