Digestive System

Question 1

functions of digestive system (5)

Answer 1

-ingestion
-mixing and moving
-digestion
-metabolism
-move waste products

Question 2

digestive tract is also known as

Answer 2

gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

Question 3

digestive system parts (7)

Answer 3

-mouth
-salivary glands
-pharynx
-esophagus
-monogastric stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine

Question 4

parts of the mouth

Answer 4

-lips
-teeth
-tongue

Question 5

salivary glands

Answer 5

deposit saliva into oral cavity via ducts or tubes

Question 6

saliva contains

Answer 6

mostly water, bicarbonate, antibodies, enzymes

Question 7

amylase in saliva

Answer 7

-pigs
-helps digest starchy carbohydrates in stomach

Question 8

functions of saliva (4)

Answer 8

-soften and lubricate food
-antibacterial properties
-pH regulation
-enzymatic digestion

Question 9

digestion related organs

Answer 9

liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 11

liver functions

Answer 11

-detoxify substances from digestive tract
-remove bacteria, viruses, damaged blood cells
-bile production
-coagulation factors

Question 12

liver has large amounts of what circulating thro it?

Answer 12

blood

Question 13

gall bladder

Answer 13

stores bile until it is needed to digest fats

Question 14

do horses have a gall bladder?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

pancreas

Answer 15

-2 parts
-located by duodenum & stomach

Question 16

what are the 2 parts of the pancreas

Answer 16

endocrine and exocrine

Question 17

endocrine part of pancreas’s produces

Answer 17

hormones (insulin, glucagon, regular blood glucose) and releases them

Question 18

exocrine part in pancreas produces

Answer 18

digestive system enzymes (carbs, fats, proteins) and released them into duodenum

Question 19

esophagus

Answer 19

-muscular tube
-tube connecting pharynx & stomach

Question 20

how is food moved?

Answer 20

peristalsis (muscular contractions)

Question 21

monogastric stomachs

Answer 21

-store food
-mechanical (increase surface area)
-chemical breakdown (enzymes & acids)

Question 22

small intestine

Answer 22

-tube connecting stomach to large intestine
-main area of digestion & nutrient absorption in pigs (non-ruminants)

Question 23

small intestine features

Answer 23

-long and many loops
-lining has many folds
-fingerlike projections called villi
-villi have fingerlike projections called microvilli

Question 24

what do the small intestine features do

Answer 24

-increase surface area
-MORE NUTRIENT ABSORPTION

Question 25

large intestine parts

Answer 25

-cecum -colon -rectum -anus

Question 26

cecum

Answer 26

fermentation of plant material

Question 27

colon

Answer 27

absorption of H2O and ions

Question 28

rectum

Answer 28

storage of feces until defecation occurs

Question 29

what do ruminants eat

Answer 29

large amounts of fibrous feed

Question 30

what chambers of a ruminant stomach is the fore stomach without enzymes

Answer 30

rumen, reticulum, omasum

Question 32

what part of a ruminants stomach is the true stomach

Answer 32

abosmasum

Question 33

abomasum

Answer 33

glandular or produces digestive enzymes

Question 34

rumen functions (3)

Answer 34

-storage of feed -mixing & breaking down -fermentation

Question 35

fermentation vat or paunch

Answer 35

rumen

Question 36

where is the most cellulose degraded and contains large numbers of bacteria, protozoa and fungi

Answer 36

rumen

Question 37

what is the fermentation process

Answer 37

breakdown of complex carbohydrates (cellulose) into VFA

Question 38

VFA

Answer 38

acetic, butyric, and probiotic acid

Question 39

what do ruminants do with VFA’s?

Answer 39

absorb and use them for energy

Question 40

what contracts to mix feed in a ruminant

Answer 40

rumen and reticulum

Question 41

rumen papillae

Answer 41

increases surface area for absorption of VFA

Question 42

where does fermentation (VFA production) occur in a horse?

Answer 42

cecum

Question 43

where are VFA’s absorbed in horses?

Answer 43

cecum and colon and used as an energy source

Question 44

reticulum

Answer 44

-honeycomb -located behind heart on left side -metal accumulates

Question 45

omasum

Answer 45

-many plies -absorbs water

Question 46

abomasum

Answer 46

-true stomach -located right side alone body all -like monogastric but doesn’t store

Question 47

rumination

Answer 47

chewing cud

Question 48

purpose of rumination

Answer 48

more breakdown of plant materials

Question 49

cud

Answer 49

a bolus / ball of feed

Question 50

steps of rumination

Answer 50

-regurgitation of bolus into esophagus -bolus moved into mouth by reverse peristalsis -bolus chewed more and salvia added -bolus reswallowed

Question 51

reverse peristalsis

Answer 51

movement of food backward into esophagus

Question 52

eructation

Answer 52

-belching -release of gases produced by microbes during fermentation

Question 53

is the rumen functional at birth

Answer 53

no, at birth the largest compartment is the abomasum

Question 54

largest compartment at birth

Answer 54

abomasum

Question 55

what allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum in a newborn animal

Answer 55

esophageal groove