Muscular System

Question 1

what is a muscle

Answer 1

type of tissue designed for contraction

Question 2

muscle cells are also called…

Answer 2

muscle fibers

Question 3

what are muscle fibers composed of?

Answer 3

actin and myosin (arranged into microfilaments)

Question 4

3 types of muscle

Answer 4

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 5

skeletal muscle

Answer 5

moves the bones and eyes with help of the nervous system

Question 6

cardiac muscle

Answer 6

-only found in the heart
-responsible for besting of the heart which pumps blood through the vessels

Question 7

Smooth muscle

Answer 7

movement of internal organs with the help of the nervous system

Question 8

characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

-numerous large cells
-may contain hundreds of nuclei and mitochondria in each cell
-nuclei are located along cell membrane
-VOLUNTARY
-STRIATED
-attached to bones by TENDONS

Question 9

characteristics of cardiac muscles

Answer 9

-can contract without nervous system help
-specialized pacemaker cells within the heart muscle to signal heart
-INVOLUNTARY
-cell branch and are STRIATED
-cells are connected at the intercalated disc

Question 10

characteristics of smooth muscles

Answer 10

-small, spindle shaped cells
-no striations
-contractions stimulated by nerves
-INVOLUNTARY
-blood vessels, uterus, bladder, intestines

Question 11

muscle cell characteristics (4)

Answer 11

-excitability
-contractability
-extensibility
-elasticity

Question 12

functions of muscle

Answer 12

-allow motion to occur
-maintain posture
-generate heat

Question 13

muscle fiber

Answer 13

structures that make up a muscle

Question 14

endomysium

Answer 14

connective tissues that covers each muscle fiber

Question 15

fascicle

Answer 15

group of muscle fibers

Question 16

perimysium

Answer 16

connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle

Question 17

blood vessels and nerves

Answer 17

transport blood to muscle, nerve brings electrical impulses to muscle

Question 18

epimysium

Answer 18

fibrous tissue covering around the entire muscle

Question 19

tendon

Answer 19

fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 20

sarcoplasm

Answer 20

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Question 21

sarcolemma

Answer 21

cell membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 22

myofibrils

Answer 22

-made of 2 protein filaments (actin and myosin)
-each muscle fiber is made of 100’s of myofibrils

Question 23

T-tubules

Answer 23

-passageways from the sacrolemma to the interior of the muscle fiber
-carry nerve impulses to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

-like endoplasmic reticulum of other cell types
-calcium ions stored here

Question 25

sarcomere

Answer 25

basic contacting unit of skeletal muscle (made of actin and myosin)

Question 26

what is needed for a muscle to contract?

Answer 26

a nerve impulse

Question 27

where is the muscle contraction started?

Answer 27

at the neuromuscular junction

Question 28

synaptic cleft

Answer 28

space between nerve fiber and muscle fiber

Question 29

synaptic vesicles

Answer 29

sacs within end of nerve fiber which contain acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter)