Digestive System Flashcards
(17 cards)
Chemical Digestion
Enzymes break down complex compounds into simple compounds
3 Main digestive enzymes
~ Amylases - carbohydrates to glucose
~ Proteases - proteins to amino acids (pepsin)
~ Lipases - fats to lipids
Ingestion
Absorbing nutrients into the body by eating/drinking them
- (mechanical & chemical digestion)
Digestion
Food is broken up chemically through the actions of enzymes and converted into a substance suitable for the body’s absorption
absorption
taking up digested molecules into the internal environment of the cells in the digestive tract
egestion
the removal of wastes from the body
Musous cells
Secretory epithelial cell, secretes alkaline mucus that protects epithelium against acid
goblet cells
Secretory epithelial cell, secretes a mucous that protects stomach lining from acid
parietal cells
Secretory epithelial cell, secretes hydrochloric acid
Tissues
~Mucosa - inner most layer of muscle wall
~Submucosa - thick layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds the mucosa
~Muscular - smooth muscles responsible for movements in DT
Salivary glands
Parotid
Sublingual
submandibular
esophagus
muscular tube that connects Pharynx and stomach
stomach
releases acids and enzymes to digest food
duodenum
~acidic chyme is neutralized
~gall bladder mixes bile with chyme to break down fats
~pancreas mixes enzymes to break down lipids, proteins, carbs, and nucleic acids
jejunum
where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream
illeum
absorbs various vitamins and remain nutrients from chyme
large intestine
Ascending, transverse, descending colons
extracts moisture from chyme prior to removal
