Digestive system

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

mechanical digestion - Breaks down food into smaller pieces (sa:v)
Chemical digestion - Amylase starts to break down starch into maltose

Question 2

Oesophogus

Answer 2

Tube connecting mouth to stomach
Eppiglottis - flap that stops food from entering the trachea therefore prevents us from choking
Peristalsis - Once swallowed food moves down through a series of muscular contractions

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

chemical digestion primarily focuses on breaking down proteins with the help of hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin with mucus and lipase. into smaller polypeptides
mechanical digestion - peristalsis of stomach muscles further breaks down foods

Question 4

Liver

Answer 4

largest internal organ
site of bile production,
regulates metabolism, nutrient processing and storage, toxin removal

Question 5

Gall bladder

Answer 5

storage and concentration of bile

Question 6

pancreas

Answer 6

an endocrine gland
- produces insulin and glycogen to regulate blood-sugar levels

Question 7

small intestine

Answer 7

main site of nutrient absorbance
digestive enzymes and bile further breaks down food to help absorb
massive surface area to help absorb

Question 8

villi

Answer 8

found in small intestine
millions of tiny folds
increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. They also play a role in delivering absorbed nutrients to the blood and lymphatic systems

Question 9

microvilli

Answer 9

each villi has smaller microvilli on epithelial cells (increase surface area) for efficient rapid transport of nutrients to lymph and blood vessels

Question 10

large intestine

Answer 10

ensure water is absorbed + water solube compounds are absorbed
undigested food is converted into feces and leaves the body

Question 11

carnivores

Answer 11

short and simple digestion
ceacum is useless
canine teeth for shearing and tearing
fat and protein absorbed efficiently

Question 12

herbivores

Answer 12

low quality food leads to complex digestive system and to break down cell wall
ceacum useful
molars to grind food
eat more to make up for less fat and protein in diet

Question 13

Hindgut fermenters

Answer 13

fermentation occurs after small intestine therefore ceacum after small intestine

Question 14

foregut fermenters

Answer 14

fermentation occurs before small intestine therefore ceacum before small intestine

Question 15

enzymes

Answer 15

Enzymes in the digestive system are essential proteins that breakdown food into smaller, absorbable molecules

Question 16

pepsin

Answer 16

Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food

Question 17

amylase

Answer 17

This enzyme helps break down starches into sugar, which your body can use for energy

Question 18

bile

Answer 18

It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract

Question 19

lipase

Answer 19

This enzyme works together with bile, which your liver produces, to break down fat in your diet