Digestive System Flashcards
system of the body concerned with the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
digestive system
a large, highly folded, serous membrane located in the abdomen
peritoneum
extends from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
contains in its free edge the _____________
falciform ligament
round ligament of the liver
extends from the ___________ of the stomach to the _____ colon, forming a fatty apron over the small intestines
greater omentum
greater curvature
transverse
supports and suspends to the jejunum and the ileum
mesentery
a skeletal muscular organ, which functions in the sense of taste, mastication, and the movement of food
tongue
32 in the adult
4 types:
teeth
incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
3 pairs of salivary glands:
they are all ______ glands since they are drained by a duct, all of which empty the gland secretions (saliva) into the oral cavity
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
exocrine
composed of skeletal muscle functions in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ divided into 3 parts: the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is continuous with the esophagus also called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
pharynx
swallowing
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
laryngopharynx, hypopharynx
a muscular tube extending ______ cm from the lower end of the pharynx above to the cardiac opening of the stomach below
exhibits 3 regions known as:
_______: in the neck, posterior to trachea
________: in the thorax, posterior to the trachea in the upper half and posterior to the _______ in the lower half
_________: after piercing the _________ of the the diaphragm, entering the abdomen
esophagus 30 cervical thoracic abdominal, esophageal opening of the diaphragm
digestive organ responsible for ___________ of food
presents 3 parts:
_________: part of the stomach above the entrance of the esophagus
_______: located between the fundus and the pyloric part of the stomach, it comprise the main mass of the stomach
_________ part: extends toward the right from the lower part of the body of the stomach
it ends at the _________, which is the opening between the stomach and the first part of the duodenum, which is surrounded by a circular smooth muscle termed the _____________
stomach breakdown and storage fundus body pyloric pyloric opening, pyloric sphincter
the stomach presents 2 openings
___________: opening between the cavity of the esophagus and the cavity of the stomach
_________: opening between the stomach and the first part of the duodenum
cardiac
pyloric
the internal surface of the stomach present folds called _______ which increases the _________
ruggae, surface area
that part of the intestine between the ______ sphincter (where it is connected to the stomach) and the iliocecal junction (where it joins the large intestine)
the length is approximately _____ meters
subdivided into 3 parts:
________: first part of it and extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ________
a C-shaped organ with its concave medial border receiving the openings of ducts draining the _______, ______, ______
__________: proximal 2/5ths of the remainder
______: distal 3/5ths of the remainder
small intestine, pyloric 7 duodenum, jejunum liver, pancreas, gallbladder jejunum ileum
junction of the ileum portion of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine
ileocecal junction
the part of the intestine extending from the ileocecal junction to the anus
subdivided into the following parts:
_______: part of the intestine that lies at and below the level of entrance of the ileum
_________: a lymphatic organ attached to the surface of the cecum
_____________: the portion of the intestine that extends superiorly from the right side of the posterior abdominal wall to liver
since it cannot course above the liver, it bends forming the __________ or ___________ and courses to the left
___________: portion of the large intestine that extends from the right colic flexure on the right side of the abdomen to the spleen on the right side
when it reaches the spleen, it will bend and course inferiorly forming the ___________ or _______
___________: portion of the large intestine, which extends from the left colic flexure inferiorly along with the left side of the posterior abdominal wall
_________: part of the intestine which extends from the descending colon to the pelvis, where it is continuous with the __________
large intestine cecum appendix ascending colon right colic, hepatic flexure transverse colon left colic, splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid colon, rectum
portion of the digestive system between the sigmoid colon and the anus
rectum
sphincteric muscle is located at the termination of the anal canal, which functions int he retention of ________
anus, feces
exocrine gland that produces a substance called ________
presents 4 lobes:
structures that enter and exit the liver (name them) do so at the __________, the junction of all 4 lobes
liver bile right, left, caudate, quadrate right and left hepatic arteries, portal vein, right and left hepatic ducts porta hepatis
located on the visceral surface of the liver between the right lobe and the ______ lobe
bile is _______ and _______ here
gall bladder
quadrate
stored, concentrated
both an exocrine and endocrine gland
as an ______ gland, it produces digestive enzymes that pass via a duct to the ______
as an ______ gland, it produces the hormones ________, _______, and _______
anatomically, it presents the following parts:
_______: located in the concavity of the duodenum
_____: courses from head toward the left across the vertebrae
________: the left end of the gland, which proximates the spleen
pancreas exocrine, duodenum endocrine, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin head body tail
