Digestive System

Question 1

Is a referred pain felt in the spigastirum upon continuous firm pressure over McBurney’s point. It is indicative of chronic appendicitis. What sign is this?

Answer 1

Aaron’s sign

Question 2

The presence of a dull percussion note in both flanks, constant on the left side but shifting with change of position on the right. This can indicate a ruptured spleen.

Answer 2

Balance/ balance sign.

Question 3

The abdominal wall is compressed slowly and then racially released presence of pain upon release is a positive sign and is indicative of peritonitis.

Answer 3

Blumberg (rebound) test/sign

Question 4

Is black and clue cruising of the area around the umbilicus. Ectopic pregnancy and pancreatitis could be a cause. What sign?

Answer 4

Cullen’s sign

Question 5

Is retraction in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen , which can be an indication of intussusception(a cause of bowel obstruction where the intestine sold in on themselves). What sign?

Answer 5

Dance’s sign

Question 6

Brushing of flank. This can be an indication of pancreatitis or a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. What sign?

Answer 6

Grey-Turner sign

Question 7

Is the occurrence of acute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is using down and the legs are elevated. This sing in the left shoulder is considered a Classical sxm of a ruptured spleen and ruptured ectopic pregnancy can also give a positive this sign.

Answer 7

Kehr’s sign

Question 8

Pain elicited in the abdomen when a patient standing on tip toes quickly drops down onto their heels. Abdominal pain upon this jarring landing maybe indicative of peritonitis and or appendicitis. What sign?

Answer 8

Markle test/sign

Question 9

Is the name given to the point over the right side of the human abdomen thjat is one third of the distance from the ASIS(anterior superior iliac spine) to the umbilicus. Tenderness in this area can be caused by appendicitis.

Answer 9

McBurney’s sign

Question 10

Is elicited when gently percussing the area of the back overlying the kidney with the ulnar surface of the hand. A positive test produces pain in the people with an infection around the kidney. What test?

Answer 10

Murphy’s/Lewin’s punch test/sign

Question 11

RLQ pain when examiner is performing internal rotation of the flexed right hip. This sign can indicate appendicitis. What sign?

Answer 11

Obturator sign

Question 12

Is a sign of appedicitis. Positive THIS SIGN = if palpation of the lower left quadrant of a person’s abdomen results in more pain in the righ tlower quadrant. This sign may indicate appendicitis.

Answer 12

Rovsing’s sign

Question 13

RLQ pain when the examiner hyperextends the right hip. ‘Tis sign can indicate appendicitis.

Answer 13

Psoas/iliopsoas sign

Question 14

Pain often begins initially around umbilicus and later shifts to the RLQ . Pain will often be seen at Mc Burneys point. Nausea, vomiting and a low grade fever may be seen. Positive Aaron , Rovsing markle and Mc burneys signs.

Answer 14

Appendicitis

Question 15

Severe unrelenting RUQ pain or epigastric pain. Pain may also be referred to right subscapular area. Positive Murphy sign, vomiting, fever, possible jaundice.

Answer 15

Cholecystitis

Question 16

Abrupt RUQ pain , may be referred to shoulders, tenderness in RUQ rebound tenderness

Answer 16

Perforated ulcer

Question 17

Epigastric pain radiating down the left side of abdomen after eating with flatulence, diarrhea,tenderness on palpation.

Answer 17

Diverticulitis

Question 18

Episodic, often severe RUQ pain, asking 15 min to several hours. Pain may be refereed to right subscapular area. RUQ tenderness on palpation. Vomitting and jaundice may also be present.

Answer 18

Cholelitiasis (gall stone)

Question 19

Intense left upper quadrant pain, radiating to left shoulder. May worsen with the foot of bed elevated, positive Kehr’s sign in left shoulder is often a classic sign for this.

Answer 19

Spleen rupture

Question 20

pain may have sudden inset of gradual, generalized or localized, dull or severe. There may also be unrelenting muscel guarding and pain on deep inspiration . Shallow respiration will be seen in a patient with this. Positive blumberg(rebound) ,markle signs, balance signs, reduced bowel sounds, nausea vomiting, positive obturator and iliopsoas tests.

Answer 20

Peritonitis

Question 21

Sharp severe pain over lower chest or upper abdomen.,

Answer 21

Hiatal hernia

Question 22

Burning feeling after eating in the epigastric region, sometimes accompanied by hematemesis or tarry stools,sudden onset that generally subsides within 15-20 minutes.

Answer 22

Peptic ulcer

Question 23

Indication of Abdominal pain/

Burning

Answer 23

Peptic ulcer or GERD

Question 24

Indication of abdominal pain

Cramping

Answer 24

Gall bladder inflammation, gallstones, IBS, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence

Question 25

Indication of abdominal pain Severe cramping

Answer 25

Appendicitis,crohn's Dx, diverticulosis

Question 26

Indication of abdominal pain Stabbing

Answer 26

Pancreatitis or cholecystitis

Question 27

Indication of visible abdominal bumps, bulges, masses?

Answer 27

Cancerous tumors, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, enlarged gall bladder, uterine fibroids and gastric distension.

Question 28

Indication of changes in abdominal shape and contour?

Answer 28

Dissension of the abdomen can be caused by obesity, ascites, and bowel distension due to gas or liquids.

Question 29

Indication of abdominal stretch marks?

Answer 29

Pregnancy ,obesity, ascites, Cushing syndrome

Question 30

Indication of dilated veins in the abdomen

Answer 30

Portal hypertension or inferior vena cava obstruction

Question 31

Indication if umbilical protrusion

Answer 31

Umbilical hernia

Question 32

This heard when auscultation got over liver or spleen, could indicate a liver tumor or splenic infarction.

Answer 32

Friction rubs

Question 33

Swishing sounds heard over major arteries in the abdomen. Could be caused by aortic aneurysm, or partial obstructions in blood vessels creating turbulent blood flow.

Answer 33

Abdominal bruins

Question 34

Passage of blooody stools. Usually indicates GI bleeding, possibly from anal fissure, colitis, colorectal cancer, crohn's Dx, or hemorrhoids.

Answer 34

Hematochezia

Question 35

Vomiting blood

Answer 35

Hematemesis

Question 36

Difficulty swallowing, can be due to cranial nerve damage(IX or X), esophageal stenosis or cancer in esophagus.

Answer 36

Dysphasia

Question 37

Enlarged and dilated veins visible on abdomen, can be due to cirrhosis liver failure or inferior vena cava obstruction.

Answer 37

Venous distention /tortuous veins.

Question 38

Spleen enlargement maybe by mononucleosis, trauma.

Answer 38

Splenomegaly

Question 39

Liver enlargement

Answer 39

Hepatomegaly

Question 40

Study list of pathologies of the digestive system. P185-188 1. appedicitis 2.celiac Dx 3.cholecystitis 4.cholelithiasis 5.cholestasis 6.cirrhosis 7.colon cancer 8.colon polyps 9.crohn's Dx 10.Cystic fibrosis 11.Diverticulosis 12.Diverticulitis 13.Esophageal carcinoma 14.Esophageal Varicies 15. Gastric Carcinoma 16.Gastritis 17.Gastroenteritis 18.Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 18.Hepatitis 19.Hiatal Hernia 20.Hemorrhoids 21.Irritable Bowel Syndrome 22.Lactose Intolerance 23.Liver Cancer 24.Pancreatice Cancer 25.Pancreatitis 26.Peptic Ulcer 27.Ulcerative Colitis.

Answer 40

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