Digestive System Flashcards
(10 cards)
Organs of digestive system are divided into what 2 groups?
- Gastrointestinal tract aka alimentary canal, from mouth to anus
- Accessory digestive organs: aid in physical/chemical breakdown of food
What am I?
- Aid in physical breakdown is food?
- Aid in mastication/deglutition
- Secretions that aid in chemical breakdown and do not come in direct contact with food come from?
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
The 6 basic activities of digestive system.
- Ingestion: enters mouth
- Secretion: GI/accessory org secrete 7L H2O/acid/enzymes
- Mixing and Propulsion: contract/relax if smooth muscle mixes, motility:ability of tract to move material
- Digestion: mechanical/chemical
- Absorption: absorbed sub enter interstitial fluid
- Defecation: what is not absorbed is eliminated, waste/bacteria/indigestible
Layers of GI tract
- Mucosa: inner, 3 layers, lymph nodes
- Submucosa: blood/lymph vessels receive absorbed stuff, ENS(ANS) controls secretions
- Muscularis: thick skeletal muscle, mouth/pharynx/ext sphincter, rest is smooth muscle
- Serosa: outermost layer secretes fluid to move against other organs. Aka visceral peritonium
Peritoneum: largest membrane of body, supports ab organs, blood/lymph vessels, prevent friction
Outer: parietal
Inner: visceral
What are the 5 folds?
- Greater Omentum: largest, over transverse colon/small intestine, adipose/lymp, where beer belly is
- Falciform Ligament: attaches liver to ant ab wall/diaphragm, only dig organ attached to wall
- Lesser Omentum: 2 folds of stomach/duodenum suspends from liver, lymph nodes
- Mesentery: fan shaped, binds small int to post wall,wraps around int back to origin, lymph
- Mesocolon: binds large int to post wall, lymph, with mesentery to loosely hold int in place
Oral cavity formed by?
Not including teeth
-cheeks/lips: keep food b/w up/low teeth
-hard palate: roof of mouth
-soft palate: muscle, uvula stops food going into nasal cavity
-Salivary glands: 1-1.5L/day, parotid/submandibular/sublingual controlled by NS, saliva 99.5% H2O 0.5% solutes- amylase(starches) lysozyme(bacteria)
Tongue: lingual frenulum-limits move’t, secrete lipase(triglycerides)
How many teeth in adult?
Regions of a tooth?
Internal/External made up of?
32 adult start with deciduous then permanent
Incisors, canines, premolars and molars
Crown-visible, root-embedded in socket, neck- junction of 2
Internal tooth- dentin
External- enamel, made of calcium phosphate/carbonate, hardest substance in body
3 parts of pharynx? And function.
Esophagus length and function
Pharynx-respiratory/digestive function, nasopahrynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Esophagus- secretes mucous, no dig enzyme, upper sphincter skeletal, lower smooth; 25cm
Deglutition: movement of food from mouth to stomach by swallowing, controlled by medulla/lower pond
3 stages?
- Voluntary: tongue helps, boils forced to oropharynx
- Pharyngeal: breathing temp interrupted, soft palate/uvula block nasopharynx, epiglottis blocks larynx3. Esophageal: food pushed through esophagus by peristalsis, circular muscle fibers contract, longitudinal contract and move bolus
What shape is the stomach? Connects to? ____ & ______
Digestion of starch and triglycerides continues, digestion of ________ begins.
Semisolid bolus turns to _____
J-shaped
Esophagus and duodenum
Protein
Liquid
