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digestive system-bio 142 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

List the functions of the digestive system and where they take place

A
  1. Ingestion- oral cavity
  2. Mechanical Processing- oral cavity & stomach
  3. Digestion (Chemical processing)- stomach
  4. Secretion- accessory glands
  5. Absorption- small intestine
  6. Compaction- large intestine (colon)
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2
Q

List the organs of the digestive system

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Pharynx (oropharynx & Laryngopharynx)
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small Intestine
  6. Large Intestine (colon)
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3
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Teeth, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

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4
Q

Identify the 4 layers of the digestive system wall?

A

Mucosa, Sub mucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa (Visceral peritoneum)

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5
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the mucosa?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium & Simple Columnar Epithelium

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6
Q

Identify 3 structures that help INCREASE the surface area of the digestive tract.

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Villi
  3. Plicae circulares (Circular folds)
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7
Q

Describe the function of the submucosal plexus.

A

contains autonomic nerves that go to the mucosa and submucosa.

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8
Q

What makes up the muscularis externa ?

A

2 layers of smooth muscle; inner circular & outer longitudinal
AND MYENTERIC PLEXUS between the 2 layers^

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9
Q

which parts of the digestive tract don’t have a serosa?

A

Everything above the stomach & the rectum

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10
Q

What do they have? (parts that don’t have a serosa)

A

Adventitia; lines areas not in the peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

What is another name for the serosa?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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12
Q

What is the function of the mesentery?

A

Stabilize the intestines in place

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13
Q

Define plasticity

A

ability to function over a wide range of lengths

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14
Q

Define segmentation

A

Mixing & Churning contraction

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15
Q

Define peristalsis

A

wave-like contractions that propel material from one region to the next.

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16
Q

What will TRIGGER contraction of smooth muscle?

A
  1. Local factors- change in ph, physical distortion of wall & chemical substances
  2. Neural control mechanisms- SHORT REFLEXES (myenteric reflex, triggered by chemo-receptors or stretch receptors)
    LONG REFLEXES (involve CNS) - control large scale peristaltic waves/ glandular activity.
  3. Hormone control mechanisms- Enteroendocrine cells.
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17
Q

What is the function of the lingual frenulum ?

A

Attaches tongue to floor of mouth

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18
Q

What is the function of the labial frenulum?

A

Attaches lips to gums

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19
Q

what are the 5 taste sensations?

A
  1. sweet
  2. salty
  3. sour
  4. bitter
  5. umami
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20
Q

Describe enamel

A

covers dentin, contains calcium phosphate

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21
Q

describe dentin

A

similar to bone, but without cells. (no osteocytes)

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22
Q

what are the 4 types of teeth ?

A
  1. incisors - (blade shaped)used for clipping and cutting
  2. cuspids- (canines); used for tearing/slashing
  3. bicuspids- crush, mash, and grind
  4. molars- crushing & grinding
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23
Q

What is primary detention?

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A

Baby teeth, deciduous teeth, 20 baby teeth total.

24
Q

List the 3 divisions of the pharynx

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A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
25
what is the function of the esophagus?
carries food from mouth to stomach
26
what causes heartburn?
Material from stomach gets back into esophagus; lower esophageal sphincter
27
define deglutition & the 3 phases
the act of swallowing 1. buccal phase- voluntary 2. pharyngeal phase - involuntary 3. esophageal phase - involuntary
28
function of the falciform ligament
Attaches liver to the anterior body wall
29
function of the lesser omentum
connect liver and stomach
30
function of mesentary proper
surrounds small intestine, anchoring it in place
31
function of mesocolon
anchors large intestine (colon)
32
describe the location of the fundus
portion superior to the junction with esophagus
33
describe location of the cardia ( cardiac region)
portion closets to esophagus
34
describe location of the pylorus
inferior ; narrows, forming a small curve
35
what is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
regulates amount of chyme leaving the stomach.
36
what type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
Simple Columnar epithelium
37
what is different about the muscularis externa?
3 layers of muscle instead of 2; inner oblique, "middle" circular, outer longitudinal
38
the serosa is the same thing as______
visceral peritoneum
39
why do cells in gastric glands need to replace the ones on the surface ?
superficial cells get lost in the lumen
40
what is produced by the parietal cells, chief cells, and G cells ?
1. parietal cells- produce intrinsic factor; needed for absorption of vit B12 2. chief cells- pepsinogen; will be converted to pepsin to digest proteins G cells- produce hormones.
41
How is HCL made?
produced by parietal cells in the stomach
42
what is the function of the lacteal?
a lymphatic capillary that carries material that can't be transported in blood.
43
describe the 3 regions of the small intestine
1. duodenum- retroperitoneal, first region only about 10 inches, receives chyme from the stomach and neutralizes its acids. 2. jejunum- middle region, about 8 feet, most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption happen here. 3. ileum- Last region, 11.5 feet , ends at ileocecal valve, , aggregated lymphoid nodules
44
describe the 3 phases of gastric secretion
1. cephalic phase(CNS)- begins when you see, taste or think about food, increases gastric juices, prepares stomach to receive food 2. Gastric phase- begins when food arrives in stomach, stimulated by: distention of stomach, increase ph in gastric contents, or presence of undigested food in stomach. 3. Intestinal phase- begins when chyme enters small intestine, controls rate of gastric emptying.
45
list the regions of the large intestine
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
46
what is the teniae coli?
3 longitudinal separate ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of colon.
47
how are haustra formed?
circumferential contraction of inner muscular layer of colon
48
how is digestion performed in the large intestine?
absorption & defecation reflex
49
what absorption takes place in the large intestine?
water & vitamins
50
where is the rectum located?
in the anal canal; last 6 in. of the digestive tract
51
what is the function of the rectum?
temporarily store feces
52
when does epithelium become stratified squamous?
in the anus
53
the internal anal sphincter is made up of______
smooth muscle of muscularis externa
54
the external anal sphincter is made up of_______
skeletal muscle
55
what triggers the defecation reflex?
1. short reflex triggered by distension of rectum triggers peristaltic contractions. 2. long reflex involves the CNS and triggers mass movements.
56
explain how we control when we have a bowel movement?
external sphincter is voluntarily relaxed when defection occurs.

digestive system-bio 142 (2 decks)

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