digestive system Flashcards
(12 cards)
Karim has ceoliac disease, why has he been advised not to eat gluten?
- CD is an autoimmune disease
- immune response is triggered by a protein in wheat called gluten
- foods containing gluten can trigger this response
- small intestine is damaged, meaning absorption of nutrients is affected. this can result in; bloating+abdominal pain
- can cause other diseases such as anaemia+osteoporosis
Stomach carries out both mechanical and chemical digestion
Explain how the stomach carries out each of these functions
mechanical digestion
- muscles of stomach churn food
- breaks food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion
- produces enzyme pepsin
- action triggered by hydrochloride acid
- pepsin changes proteins to polypeptides/ peptide
Explain why Raoul should take his condition seriously and explain actions he could take to avoid developing further health problems
Reasons for taking it serious
-Sudden uncontrolled drop of glucose results in cornea
-blood vessel damage leads to kidney failure, strokes or cognitive impairment
steps to be taken
-change diet to low fat, reduce sugars; replace with complex carbohydrates
-monitor blood glucose levels regularly
identify one digestive function of each part of digestive system labelled in diagram
- ) Chewing using teeth, tongue and jaws, mechanical, digestion of food, tasting food, chemical digestion, salivary amylase,changing starch to maltose
- ) moving food by muscle action/ peristalsis to the stomach
- ) produces bile/bile salts/stores and assimilates absorbed products of digestion
- ) stores or releases bile
Describe how the small intestine is adapted to absorb the products of digestion
- large surface area
- surface area increased by microvilli
- villi sway to mix digested food around
- contains blood capillaries to absorb sugars, amino acids and water soluble vitamins
- conains lymph vessel/lacteal to absorb fats/fatty acid
Irritable bowl syndrome IBS
Give reason for each of these three suggestions
- keep food diary
- avoid fizzy drinks and coffee
- take up some form of exercise
food diary - allows a record of food eaten to be recorded and matched against bowls pain to identify foods to avoid
avoiding fizzy drinks/coffee- both irritate the gut and cause symptoms of IBS so can increase symptoms and inconvenience
exercise- helps reduce stress which appears to be a trigger for IBS so regular gentle exercise will lead to well being and reduction of symptoms
explain the cause of coeliac disease
gluten in wheat causes auto-immune responses and results in bodys auto immune system attacking and destroying villi of small intestine
explain the measures that would have to be taken to live with coeliac disease
- remove gluten from diet by excluding wheat products otherwise villi will be damaged
- take additional vitamins and mineral supplements
- read food labels very carefully when shopping as floor often used as a thickening agent
- look out for gluten free products
Describe chemical digestion in the small intestine
the small intestine secretes digestive enzymes that chemically break down complex food molecules into simpler ones. These enzymes include
trypsin (for protein digestion)
amylase (for carbohydrate digestion)
lipase (for lipid digestion).
Describe how the digestive system is affected by the malfunctions of IBS and coeliac disease
A.) IBS
- Hypersensitivity to gluten
- intestinal disorder
- muscles in colon dont work at the right speed
- cramps, spasm and high pain
B.) Coeliac disease
- Causes autoimmune responce
- villi appeared flatten
- abdominal pain
- weight loss
Analyse the possible impacts of IBS on daily life
- abdominal pain
- flatulence
- restrict diet
- need to avoid stressful situations
Assess the impact diabetes may have on daily life
- regular monitoring
- loss off weight
- emergency supply of sugar
- stop smoking
- increase excessive
