Digestive System Anatomy

Question 1

monogastrics

Answer 1

simple stomachs with one compartment, concentrated diet

Question 2

feed ad libitum

Answer 2

free choice (monogastrics)

Question 3

small intestine

Answer 3

most important site for enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 4

digestion

Answer 4

enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into simple components that can be absorbed

Question 5

absorption

Answer 5

uptake of simple components across membranes into intestinal cells and then blood

Question 6

large intestine

Answer 6

“hindgut” bacterial fermentation and absorption of water, electrolyte, and VFA

Question 7

cecum

Answer 7

large pouch between small and large intestines, important in cellulose digestion where feeds are fermented

Question 8

what animals have a cecum?

Answer 8

horses and rabbits

Question 9

what do rabbits practice

Answer 9

coprophagy

Question 10

cecotropes

Answer 10

produced in cecum during coprophagy by rabbits, re-ingested immediately

Question 11

crop

Answer 11

avian; enlargement of esophagus where feed can be stored and where some fermentation feed occurs

Question 12

proventriculus

Answer 12

avian; glandular stomach

Question 13

gizzard

Answer 13

avian; grinds feed into smaller particles via muscle contractions

Question 14

ceca

Answer 14

avian; contribute very little digestion

Question 15

ruminant

Answer 15

4 compartment stomach, cud chewing animals

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

most abundant organic polymer, important structure for cell wall

Question 17

fermentation in a cow (4 parts)

Answer 17

rumen reticulum omasum abomasum

Question 18

fermentation in horse

Answer 18

cecum and large colon

Question 19

fermentation in pigs and humans

Answer 19

large colon

Question 20

products of fermentation (4)

Answer 20

volatile fatty acid (used for energy), gas, B complex vitamins, heat

Question 21

rumination

Answer 21

regurgitate, chew, swallow, repeat

Question 22

ruman

Answer 22

large fermentation vat

Question 23

microorganisms (3)

Answer 23

bacteria protozoa fungi

Question 24

basteria

Answer 24

most importance most numerous in fermentation process

Question 25

protozoa

Answer 25

role remains unclear, acid in fermentation process

Question 26

fungi

Answer 26

main roll is degradation of highly lignified plant cell walls

Question 27

omasum

Answer 27

"manyplies" (many folds), absorption of water, minerals, and products of fermentation, only accepts smaller particles (cud)

Question 28

abomasum

Answer 28

"true stomach"

Question 29

esophageal grooves

Answer 29

allows to by-pass rumen, reticulum, and omasum milk goes straight to abomasum

Question 30

who has esophageal grooves?

Answer 30

baby ruminants