Digestive system and metabolism

Question 1

Organs in the digestive tract

Answer 1

Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 2

Accessory organs

Answer 2

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas

Question 3

Ingestion

Answer 3

Taking food and water into the digestive tract

Question 4

Propulsion

Answer 4

Moving food through the digestive tract

Question 5

Peristalsis

Answer 5

Involuntary alternate waves of muscle contraction and relaxation

Question 6

Mechanical breakdown

Answer 6

Physically breaking the food up into smaller fragments so that it can be chemically digested

Question 7

Segmentation

Answer 7

Moving bolus back and forth to break it into smaller fragments
Mixing food with digestive juices

Question 8

Chemical digestion

Answer 8

Enzymes break down complex food molecules into their building blocks (monomers)

Question 9

Absorption

Answer 9

Passage of end products from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph

Question 10

Defaction

Answer 10

Elimination of indigestible substances in the form of faeces, via the anus

Question 11

Mucosa

Answer 11

Innermost layer
Secretes mucus
Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones
Absorbs nutrients that have been digested

Question 12

Submucosa

Answer 12

Covers mucosa

Elastic tissue - recoil

Question 13

Muscularis externa

Answer 13

Surrounds submucosa
Smooth muscle cells
Peristalsis and segmentation
Sphincter to ensure food travels in one direction

Question 14

Serosa

Answer 14

Outermost layer

Anchors digestive organs to surrounding tissue

Question 15

Digestive processes of mouth

Answer 15

Ingestion
Chem BD
Mech BD
Propulsion

Question 16

Digestive processes of stomach

Answer 16

Propulsion
Mech BD
Chem BD - pepsin (proteins)
Absorption

Question 17

Digestive processes of small intestine

Answer 17

Propulsion
Mech BD
Chem BD - brush boarder enzymes
Absorption

Question 18

Digestive processes of large intestine

Answer 18

Chem BD
Absorption
Propulsion
Defaection

Question 19

Liver function

Answer 19

Produces bile

Question 20

Gallbladder function

Answer 20

Stored bile

Question 21

Pancreas function

Answer 21

Produces alkaline pancreatic juice to neutralise chyme

Produces enzymes

Question 22

Parietal cells

Answer 22

Stomach

Produce hydrochloric acid

Question 23

Chief cells

Answer 23

Stomach

Produce pepsinogen = inactive form of pepsin ==> pepsin

Question 24

Goblet cells

Answer 24

Stomach

Produce mucus

Question 25

Metabolism

Answer 25

Sum total of chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Question 26

Anabolism

Answer 26

Reactions that BUILD larger molecules from small ones

Question 27

Catabolsim

Answer 27

Reactions that BREAKDOWn large molecules into smaller ones

Question 28

Anabolic/absorptive state

Answer 28

When nutrients are in abundance Controlled by insulin Excess nutrients stored

Question 29

Catabolic/post-absorptive state

Answer 29

When no food is being digested and the body reserves must be broken down to provide nutrients Controlled by glucagon

Question 30

Glycogenolysis

Answer 30

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 31

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 31

Production of glucose from non CHO products