Digestive System and Urinary System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To break down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair.

Question 2

What is the first part of the digestive system where digestion begins?

Answer 2

The mouth

Question 3

What enzyme in saliva breaks down starches into sugars?

Answer 3

Amylase

Question 4

What is the tubed called that connects the mouth to the stomach ?

Answer 4

The esophagus

Question 5

How do muscular contractions move food through the digestive tract?

Answer 5

Peristalsis

Question 6

Which acidic substance in the stomach helps break down food?

Answer 6

Gastric acid or stomach acid.

Question 7

Which enzyme in the stomach breaks down proteins?

Answer 7

Pepsin

Question 8

What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices in the stomach called?

Answer 8

Chyme

Question 9

Which organ is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?

Answer 9

The small intestine.

Question 10

How do the tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption?

Answer 10

Villi

Question 11

What role does the pancreas play in digestion ?

Answer 11

It produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.

Question 12

How does bile help in digestion, and where is it produced?

Answer 12

Bile helps digest fats and is produced in the liver.

Question 13

Where is bile help in digestion, and where is it produced?

Answer 13

The gallblader

Question 14

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 14

To absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and form solid waste (feces).

Question 15

Who are the beneficial bacteria that live in the large intestine?

Answer 15

Gut flora or gut microbiota

Question 16

Where is the final section of the digestive system where waste is expelled?

Answer 16

The rectum and anus

Question 17

How is waste expelled from the body ?

Answer 17

Defecation

Question 18

What additional role does the liver play in digestion besides producing bile?

Answer 18

The liver processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine and detoxifies chemicals.

Question 19

Which valve controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine?

Answer 19

The pyloric sphincter

Question 20

How is food broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body?

Answer 20

Digestion

Question 21

How does the urinary system help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 21

By regulating the volume and composition of blood, including the removal of waste products and excess substances.

Question 22

Which organs are part of the urinary system?

Answer 22

The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Question 23

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

Answer 23

On either side of the spine, just below the rib cage.

Question 24

How do the kidneys filter blood?

Answer 24

Through tiny structures called nephrons that remove waste and excess substances.

Question 25

Which hormone regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys?

Answer 25

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 26

How does the body signal the need to urinate?

Answer 26

Stretch receptors in the bladder send signals to the brain when the bladder is full.

Question 27

Which tube carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Answer 27

The ureters.

Question 28

How does the bladder store urine ?

Answer 28

It expands as it fills with urine, thanks to its elastic walls.

Question 29

Which muscle controls the release of urine from the bladder?

Answer 29

The sphincter muscle

Question 30

How does the body prevent urine from flowing back into the kidneys?

Answer 30

Valves at the junction of the ureters and bladder prevent backflow.

Question 31

Which part of the brain controls the voluntary release of urine?

Answer 31

The cerebral cortex.

Question 32

How does the urinary system help regulate blood pressure?

Answer 32

By adjusting the volume of blood (through urine production) and releasing the enzyme renin.

Question 33

Which waste product is primarily removed by the kidneys?

Answer 33

Urea

Question 34

How does the urinary system contribute to red blood cell production?

Answer 34

The kidneys release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

Question 35

Which condition is characterized by the presence of kidney stones?

Answer 35

Nephrolithiasis.

Question 36

How does the urinary system maintain electrolyte balance?

Answer 36

By filtering and reabsorbing electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium.

Question 37

Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood?

Answer 37

The glomerulus.

Question 38

How does the body respond to dehydration in terms of urine production?

Answer 38

The kidneys conserve water, producing more concentrated urine.

Question 39

Which condition involves inflammation of the bladder?

Answer 39

Cystitis.

Question 40

How does the urinary system help detoxify the body?

Answer 40

By filtering out toxins and waste products from the blood and excreting them in urine.