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Anatomy Final > Digestive System Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Digestive System Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Motility
  3. Secretion
  4. Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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2
Q

What are the organs of the GI Tract?

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small Intestine
  6. Large Intestine
  7. Anus
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3
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A
  1. Teeth
  2. Tongue
  3. Salivary Glands
  4. liver
  5. Gall Bladder
  6. Pancreas
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4
Q

Define Ingestion

A

eating food and liquid

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5
Q

define Motility

A

Mixing and peristalsis
The capability of smooth muscles to mix and move the food contents

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6
Q

Define secretion

A

DS secretes acids, bile mucus, enzymes 7L/day

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7
Q

Define Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of CHO, Lipids and Proteins

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8
Q

Define Absorption

A

Absorption of nutrients, ions and fluids into blood stream

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9
Q

Define defecation

A

Removal of metabolic wastes

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10
Q

What is the overall function of the oral cavity?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

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11
Q

What is the overall function of the digestive system?

A

Ingest, mix, transport and break down food mechanically/chemically. Absorb digested nutrients and expels wastes

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12
Q

What is the overall function of the pharynx?

A

Passageway for food and liquid

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13
Q

What is the overall function of the esophagus?

A

secrete mucus and transports food to the stomach

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14
Q

What is the overall function of the stomach?

A

mixing area and holding reservoir

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15
Q

What is the overall function of the anus?

A

discharge feces form body

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15
Q

What is the overall function of the small intestine?

A

completion of digestion and absorption

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16
Q

What is the overall function of the large intestine?

A

absorb most water remaining in digested material and forms faces

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17
Q

What is the overall function of the teeth?

A

Mechanically digest
Responsible for Mastication

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18
Q

What is the overall function of the tongue?

A

movement of food and assisting swallowing

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19
Q

What is the overall function of the salivary glands?

A

produce and secrete saliva

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20
Q

what is the overall function of the liver?

A

Produce bile

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20
Q

What is the overall function of the gallbladder?

A

Store and concentrate bile

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21
Q

What is the overall function of the pancreas?

A

produce enzymes to digest food (exocrine)

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22
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Folds of peritoneum that support and stabilise intraperitoneal GI tract organs

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23
What are the types of mesenteries?
1. Greater Omentum 2. Lesser Omentum 3. Mesentery proper 4. Mesocolon
24
What is the Greater omentum?
Longest peritoneal fold Covers most abdominal organs fatty apron
25
What is the lesser omentum?
secures stomach and duodenum from the liver
26
What is the mesentery proper?
suspends small int. from posterior abdominal wall
27
what is the mesocolon?
attaches large int. to the posterior abdominal wall
28
What are retroperitoneal organs?
Ascending and descending colon, duodenum and pancreas situated behind the peritoneum
29
What are peritoneal ligaments?
Folds of the peritoneal that connect structures
30
What are 3 examples of peritoneal ligaments?
1. Coronary ligament (liver to diaphragm) 2. Falciform ligament (liver to abdominal wall) 3. Lienorenal ligament (Spleen to kidney)
31
What are the four tunics of the GI Wall?
(deep to superficial) 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Adventital/serosa
32
What is the mucosa?
Innermost lining of GI Tract
33
What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?
1. Epithelium 2. Lamina propria 3. Muscular mucosa
34
What is the epithelium of the mucosa?
Absorbs nutrients and contains enteroendocrine cells
35
What is the lamina propria of the mucosa?
Connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Contains muscle-associated lymphatic tissue MALT
36
What is the muscular mucosa?
Smooth muscle fibres increase surface area
37
What is the Submuscosa?
Second deepest layer Meshwork of collagenous fibres, nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels Contains submucosal glands
38
What plexus does the submucosa contain?
Submucosal nerve plexus ENS regulates movements of the mucosa and vasoconstriction of blood vessels innervates mucosal glands
39
What is the muscularis?
Smooth muscle layer
40
What are the two types of smooth muscle within the muscularis?
Inner layer= Circular fibers Outer layer= Longitudinal fibers
41
What plexus is within the muscularis?
myenteric nerve plexus controls GI tract motility
42
What is the adventitia/serosa?
superficial layer serous membrane secretes serous fluid aka visceral peritoneum
43
What are the functions of the saliva?
Moistened ingested stuff to form bolus moisten/lubricate oral cavity structures chemical digestion (amylase) Antibacterial (lysozyme) dissolve food for taste receptors
44
What are the three pairs of salivary glands?
1. Parotid glands 2. Submandibular glands 3. Sublingual glands
45
How much saliva is produced by the parotid glands?
25-30%
46
How much saliva is produced by the submandibular glands?
60-70%
47
How much saliva is produced by the sublingual glands?
3-5%
48
What enzyme is secreted by lingual glands?
Lingual lipase
49
What are the teeth composed of?
Crown Neck Dentin Enamel Pulp cavity Root canal Apical foramen periodontal ligaments
50
What are the specific functions of the stomach?
Connect esophagus to the duodenum Mixing area and holding reservoir Site for mechanical and chemical digestion Starts digestion of proteins Converts bolus to chyme
51
What does the stomach secrete?
Gastric juice containing HCL and pepsin Gastrin
52
What are the four main regions of the stomach?
1. cardia 2. fundus 3. body 4. pyloric part
53
What is the cardia of the stomach?
Initial part
54
What is the fundus of the stomach?
Food storage
55
What is the body of the stomach?
Food mixing
56
What are the 3 regions of the pyloric part?
Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal Pyloric sphincter
57
What is the pyloric antrum?
Connects to body
58
What is the pyloric canal?
leads to pylorus
59
What is the pyloric sphincter?
Rugae (mucosal folds) leads to duodenum
60
What are the layers of the stomach wall?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa
61
What are the 3 layers of muscularis in the stomach?
1. Oblique 2. Circular 3. Longitudinal
62
What are the types of exocrine gland cells in the stomach?
1. Surface and mucous neck cells 2. Parietal cells 3. Chief cells 4. Enteroendocrine cells
63
What do mucous, parietal and chief cells secrete?
Gastric juice
64
What do enteroendocrine cells secrete in the stomach?
Gastrin hormone
65
What do surface mucous cells secrete specific?
Alkaline fluid with mucin
66
what do mucous neck cells secrete specific?
acidic fluid with mucin
67
what do parietal cells secrete specific?
Intrinsic factor Hydrochloric acid
68
what do chief cells secrete specific?
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase
69
What is the function of intrinsic factor?
Protein made to facilitate absorption of B12
70
what is the function of HCL?
chemically digest food activate pepsin kill bacteria
71
What is the function of pepsin?
digest proteins deactivated form= pepsinogen
72
What is the function of gastric lipase?
digest triglycerides
73
What is intestinal juice?
In small intestine Clear, yellow fluid vehicle for absorption of substances in the chyme
74
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
1. Duodenum 2. jejunum 3. illeum
75
What is the jejunum?
Primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
76
What are the layers of the small int wall?
1. Mucosa 2. submucosa 3. muscularis 4. serosa
77
What cells are in the intestinal villus?
1. Microvilli 2. Goblet cells 3. Unicellular gland cells 4. Enteroendocrine cells
78
What do unicellular gland cells do?
Synthesises enteropeptidase
79
What does enteroendocrine cells do in the small int?
Secretes hormones: -Secretin -cholecystokinin -Gastric inhibitory peptide
80
What doe the submucosa of the small int. contain?
Duodenal Glands aka Brunner's glands Secrete alkaline mucous
81
What are the structures of the Large intestine?
1. cecum 2. Ascending colon 3. transverse colon 4. Descending colon 5. Sigmoid colon 6. Rectum 7. Anal canal
82
What are the four layers of the Large intestine wall?
1. Mucosa 2. Submuscoa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa
83
What else does the large intestine contain in its wall?
Intestinal glands Teniae coli Haustra
84
What cells are in the large intestine?
1. Absorptive cell -Absorbs water 2. Goblet cells -Mucous
85
What is the structure of the liver?
4 incompletely separated lobes and two ligaments Ligamentum teres
86
What are hepatocytes?
Functional unit of the liver that produce 800-1000mL of bile a day
87
What are ducts in the liver?
Bile ductules and ducts Right/Left hepatic ducts Common hepatic ducts Cystic duct Common bile duct
88
What are the hepatic structures?
1. Hepatic sinusoid 2. Hepatic lobules 3.Bile canaliculi 4. Hepatocytes 5. Reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages)
89
What is the portal triad?
Bile ductule Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery
90
What is the gallbladder?
Attached to inferior surface of liver stores and concentrates bile
91
What are the three regions of the gallbladder?
1. Neck 2. Body 3. Fundus
92
What is the cystic duct?
Connects gall bladder to common bile duct
93
What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?
Secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum via main pancreatic duct (juice= enzymes + mucin)
94
What cells secrete pancreatic juice?
Acinar cells
95
What is the structure of the pancreas?
head, body and tail

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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