Urinary System System 27 Flashcards by claire b🩻

What are the functions of the Urinary System?

Urine storage
Urine expulsion
Blood volume regulation
Erythrocyte regulation (EPO)
Ion level regulation
Acid-base balance regulation

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Where is the kidney located?

Retroperitoneal
Posterior abdominal wall
between T12 and L3
protected by 11th and 12th ribs

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What are the layers surrounding the kidney?

Fibrous Capsule
Perinephric fat
Renal Fascia
Paranephric fat

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What is the Fibrous capsule structure?

Connective tissue sheet directly on outer surface of the kidney
Innermost layer

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What is the Fibrous capsule function?

Helps maintain shape of kidney
protect from trauma and pathogens

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What is perinephric fat structure?

Fatty tissue surounding renal capsule

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What is Perinephric fat function?

Provide cushion
Provide support

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What is Renal fascia function?

Anchors kidneys to surrounding structures, abdominal wall and peritoneum

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What is Paranephric fat?

Outermost layer
Adipose tissue
Between renal fascia and peritoneum

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What are the two regions of the kidney?

Renal cortex
Renal Medulla

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What is the renal cortex?

Light red
Outer
Nephrons

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What is the renal medulla?

Dark red-brown
Inner
Renal tubules
Constists of several renal tubules

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What are renal columns?

portions of renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids of the medulla

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What forms at the base of the renal pyramid and cortex?

Corticomedullary Junction

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What is renal papillae?

The apex of a renal pyramid

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What do renal papillae project into?

projects into the minor calyx

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What do minor calyces form?

Several minor calyces fuse to form a Major Calyx

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What do major calyces form?

Major calyces fuse to form Renal Pelvis

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What is the renal pelvis?

Collects urine and transports it into the ureter

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What is a renal lobe?

8 to 15 lobes in a kidney
Consists of a renal pyramid
cortical tissue surrounds each pyramid

How is blood supplied to the kidney?

Afferent arterioles bring blood into the kidney
Efferent arterioles bring blood away and into particular capillaries –>Vasarecta (Vein)

What is a nephron?

Filtering unit of the kidney

What are the two parts of the nephron?

Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule

What is the renal corpuscle’s function?

Filter plasma

What is the renal tubule function?

Passageway for filter fluid (Urine/Tubular fluid)

What are the two components of a Renal corpuscle?

1. Glomerulus 2. Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule

What is the filtration membrane?

Thin structure made from glomerulus and glomerular capsule (3 layers)

What are the 3 layers of the filtration membrane?

1. Endothelium of Glomerulus 2. Basement membrane of Glomerulus 3. Visceral layer of Glomerular capsule

What is the endothelium of the glomerulus?

Innermost layer Fenestrated to allow filtration Prevents passage of larger materials (cells, platelets)

What is the basement membrane of the glomerulus?

Middle layer Porous Restricts passage of larger proteins

What is the visceral layer of glomerular capsule?

Outermost layer Made of Podocytes

What are podocytes?

Cells with long processes called pedicels that wrap around the glomerular capillaries Pedicels are separated by filtration slits Form a selctive barrier

What are the 3 functions of the Nephron to produce urine?

1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion

What is glomerular filtration?

Movement of substances from blood in glomerulus into the capsular space (of corpuscle) Fluid is called Filtrate in capsular space

What is tubular reabsorption?

Movement of useful substances from the tubular fluid back into blood Mostly water and needed solutes in the filtrate are reabsorbed Renal tubules

What is tubular secretion?

Movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid to be secreted Tubular fluid--> Collecting duct=Urine

What are the parts of the urinary tract?

1. Ureters 2. Urinary bladder 3. Urethra

What are the functions and structure of the ureters?

Function: Conducts urine from kidney to the urinary bladder Structure: Wall composed of three layers

What are the ureter walls 3 layers? (Innermost to outermost)

1. Mucosa (TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM) 2. Muscularis 3. Adventitia

What is the Urinary bladder?

Hollow, distensible organ Transitional epithelium (Mucosa)

What are the 3 layers of the Urinary bladders wall?

1. Mucosa: Rugae 2. Muscularis: Detrusor muscle 3. Adventitia: Serosa

What is the urethra?

Small tube from internal urethral structures to exterior of body (External urethral orifice)

Female urethra?

One short tube Wall has deep mucosa and superficial muscularis Only transports urine

Male urethra?

Long tube divided into 3 segments Passes through the prostate, perineal muscles and through the penis Transports urine and semen

What are the 3 segments?

1. Prostatic urethra 2. Membraneous urethra 3. Spongy urethra

What is the prostatic urethra?

Goes trough prostate gland Transitional epithelium

What is the membranous urethra?

Short segment through urogenital diaphragm

What is the spongy urethra?

Long segment Goes through erectile tissue