Digestive system form and function

Question 1

What must an animal’s diet provide

Answer 1

1. Chemical energy for cellular processes (ATP)
2. Organic building blocks for macromolecules
3. Essential nutrients (nutrients required by all cells that you must get from your diet)

Question 2

Classes of essential nutrients

Answer 2

1. Essential amino acids
2. Essential fatty acids
3. Vitamins
4. Minerals

Question 3

How many essential amino acids do animals require

Answer 3

About 20. They synthesize about half from molecules in their diet. The rest they must eat

Question 4

“Complete” proteins

Answer 4

Foods that provide all the essential amino acids (such as meat, eggs, and cheese)

Question 5

How do organisms get fatty acids

Answer 5

They synthesize most they need, but essential fatty acids must be obtained from the diet

Question 6

How many vitamins are essential for humans

Answer 6

13

Question 7

Categories of vitamins

Answer 7

1. Fat soluble

2. Water soluble

Question 8

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

ADEK

Question 9

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 9

BC

Question 10

Another name for B9

Answer 10

Folic acid

Question 11

What foods have B9

Answer 11

Green vegetables

Question 12

Function of B9 in the body

Answer 12

Coenzyme in nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism

Question 13

B9 Defieciency

Answer 13

Anemia, birth defects

Question 14

Another name for B12

Answer 14

Cobalamin

Question 15

Foods that have B12

Answer 15

Meat, eggs, dairy

Question 16

Function of B12

Answer 16

Production of nucleic acids and red blood cells

Question 17

B12 Deficiency

Answer 17

Anemia, numbness, loss of balance

Question 18

Another name for C

Answer 18

Asocbic acid

Question 19

Foods that have C

Answer 19

Citrus fruits

Question 20

Function of C

Answer 20

Used in collagen synthesis, antioxidant

Question 21

C Deficiency

Answer 21

Scurvy

Question 22

Another name for A

Answer 22

Retinol

Question 23

Foods with A

Answer 23

Dark green and orange vegetables

Question 24

Functions of A

Answer 24

Component of visual pigments, maintenence of epithelial tissues

Question 25

A deficiency

Answer 25

Blindness

Question 26

Foods with vitamin D

Answer 26

Dairy products

Question 27

Function of D

Answer 27

Aids in absorbtion and use of calcium and phorphorus

Question 28

D deficiency

Answer 28

Rickets and bone softening

Question 29

Another name for K

Answer 29

Phylloquinone

Question 30

Food with K

Answer 30

Green vegetables

Question 31

Functions of K

Answer 31

Important in blood clotting

Question 32

K deficiency

Answer 32

Defective blood clotting

Question 33

Minerals

Answer 33

Simple inorganic nutrients usually required in small amounts

Question 34

What happens if large amounts of minerals are ingested

Answer 34

Upset homeostatic balance

Question 35

Examples of minerals

Answer 35

Ca, P, Fe, K, Na

Question 36

Malnutrition

Answer 36

failure to obtain adequate nutrition

Question 37

What can deficiencies in essential nutrients cause

Answer 37

Deformities, disease, and death

Question 38

How do cattle and deer prevent deficiencies

Answer 38

Consuming concentrated sources of salt or other minerals

Question 39

Golden rice

Answer 39

Engineered strain of rice with beta-carotene which is converted to vitamin A in the body

Question 40

Undernutrition

Answer 40

Results when a diet does not provide enough chemical energy

Question 41

An undernourished individual will:

Answer 41

1. use up stored fat and carbohydrates 2. Break down its own proteins 3. Lose muscle mass 4. Suffer protein deficiency of the brain 5. Die or suffer irreversible damage