Digestive System II Flashcards
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What are the three components of mucosa?
- Epithelium
- Lamina Propria
- Muscularis Mucosae
What are the four tunics of the “generic” alimentary canal?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia or Serosa
What are the four components of submucosa?
- Lymphatic Ducts
- Mucin Secreting Glands
- Blood Vessels
- Nerves
What type of epithelium is most common in the mucosa & submucosa?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
What are the two layers of the muscularis? What kind of muscle composes the muscularis?
- Inner Circular Layer
- Outer Longitudinal Layer
Smooth Muscle
What are the names of the plexuses, ganglia, and arteries that serve the abdominal GI? In which tunic do they most commonly terminate?
Myenteric Nervous System; muscularis
What effects does parasympathetic input have on digestion?
Increases digestion
What structures slow down the movement of materials in the SI, and thus maximize absorption?
Circular folds, villi, and microvilli
What is the common function of circular folds, villi and microvilli?
They increase surface area and thus increase absorption of nutrients.
Where will you find SI cells that secrete hormones? What is their function?
Intestinal glands; generally, they alter the rate of digestion
Do you expect the # of goblet cells to increase or decrease as you move along the SI tract?
Increase
What role does the lymphatic system play in nutrient absorption?
Collects lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins
What are aggregates of MALT in the SI called?
Peyer Patches
What are the causes and treatments of hemorrhoids?
Causes: sitting, constipation, pregnancy, heavy lifting, obesity and stress
Treatments: ointments, fluids, fiber, exercise and squat toilets
What is the primary function of the LI?
Absorb water
